Tunnel Ventilation Design Solution 3a5n6j

FLÄKT WOODS – AIR MOVEMENT

TUNNELS & METRO TUNNEL VENTIALTION DESIGN SOLUTIONS Benjamin Fair

Solutions must adhere to strict regulations and conform to energy efficiency requirements

THE CHALLENGE • •

SAFEGUARD PEOPLE IN TUNNELS VENTILATE TUNNELS & PLANT ROOMS

HEAT REMOVAL

AIR COMFORT POLLUTION VENTILATION

FIRE SMOKE CONTROL

Environmental Control Pollution Control Smoke Extraction

Tunnel & Metro Systems

THE SYSTEMS • •

TRANSVERSE LONGITUDINAL

The design of tunnel ventilation systems, broadly, falls into two categories, transverse and longitudinal. • Large fans are classically used in transverse designs. • Longitudinal designs classically use a larger number of jet fans suspended from the tunnel ceiling. • Guide lines for the system sizing and specification characteristics of tunnel ventilation systems was provided by Moret (1999):

Tunnel & Metro Systems

Fully Transverse Systems        Fan Types Employed • Smoke Extract High Temperature Axial Fans

• Inlet Axial Fans • Uni directional



Technically most exact – Uniform supply and pollution Exhaust Fully Transverse not affected by variations in wind pressure or Vehicle piston effect The hot polluted air rises and is extracted at a high level normally through a ducted system above the roadway. The System requires extensive ducting Used for bi-directional traffic flow High Civil and Construction costs Dampers along length of tunnel to facilitate smoke clearance Maintenance normal operating hours without impacting tunnel operation

Tunnel & Metro Systems

Semi Transverse Systems  

Fan Types Employed • Smoke Extract High Temperature Reversible JET Fans

• Inlet Axial Fans

   

Semi Transverse systems Rely on longitudinal air movement along the tunnel Semi Transverse utilises the variation in wind pressure and vehicle piston effect System requires ducting High Civil and Construction costs Reversible fans, operational sequencing with VSD. Maintenance normal operating hours without impacting tunnel operation

Tunnel & Metro Systems

Longitudinal Systems        Fan Types Employed • Smoke Extract High Temperature Reversible JET Fans



Induce Flow by High Velocity Jet Jet fans at High Level Most Economical Solution Ease of Installation and operation Operational sequencing of fans reduces need for VSD No dampers required Maintenance – requires temporary disruption of tunnel use Fans directly above fire location, fully immersed.

PRODUCT SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS

Engineering capability – Fläkt Woods LTD (UK)

T&M System offering

TUNNEL VENTILATION DESIGNERS PRODUCT SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS 1. 2. 3. 4.

Acoustic Assessment System Resistance Selection Iterate

Tunnel Design – Airflow flow / Acoustic Requirements – Tunnel resistance – Initial Fan selection - Attenuator selection - Reselection.

• Optimise layout design for Energy Efficiency, Velocity Pressure effect & Acoustic Performance.

SYSTEM INTEGRATION TYPICAL HORIZONTAL PLANTROOM COORDINATION LAYOUT Transformation Tunnel Side Silencer Damper

Atmospheric Side Silencer

PRODUCT SELECTION

AXIAL FANS FANS

JET

T&M Product Selection

AEROFOIL AXIAL FANS PRODUCT FEATURES: • • • • • •

Emergency Operation up to 400°C for 2 Hours Ambient conditions >50°C 315mm to 2800 mm Diameter Uni-Directional and Truly Reversible Horizontal and vertical Installations Certified to EN 12101-3 & ISO 21927-3

Ancillary options: • Integral Anti-Stall solution • Fan Condition Monitoring • Motor Condition Monitoring Equipment • Variable Speed Drive option • Vibration/Shock Pulse monitoring • Vertical and Horizontal Installations • Anti-Vibration Mounts • Flexible Connectors • Inlet Cone/Bellmouth

T&M Product Selection

(TRULY REVERSIBLE AXIAL FLOW FAN SOLUTION) TWIN IMPELLER FANS Key Benefits: • Compact design • 1.8 times Pressure generation • Reduced Cabling requirements • Single Control /Drive required

Twin Impeller fans have been Used since 1950’s for light industry and mining applications (left).

T&M Product Selection

TUNNELS & METROS JET FANS • • • • • •

Horizontal Installations Emergency Operation up to 400°C for 2 Hours Diameter 400mm – 1600 mm Uni-directional & Truly reversible Silencers Certified to EN 12101-3 & ISO 21927-3

Ancillary options • Deflectors • Integral bellmouth inlets • Guards optional-performance effect. • Vibration isolation hangers and mounts

PRODUCT DESIGN TOOLS

Product Design Tools

CFD Ventilation Simulation during design

 Verification of calculations  Validates Fan size, thrust requirements Fan spacing.  Complex geometry  Non ideal installation position modelling  Ability to assess multiple fire scenarios  Aids client and civil defence approval

Product Design Tools

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) …

•

Ansys CFX

•

Carrying out ‘Turbo Machinery Parts’ analysis on Blades, Hubs and Guide Vanes, as well as analysing ducts and systems using Steady and Unsteady State Analysis

•

Research and development on Tip vertices, Boundary layer growth, Stall inception

Product Design Tools

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS (FEA) •

Ansys Mechanical and SolidWorks Simulation

• …Analysing Static/ Dynamic, Linear/ Non-Linear, Modal, and Fatigue ensuring structural integrity of parts and assemblies •

Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis, allowing the resultant CFD forces and deformation to be transferred into the FEA analysis, and visa-versa, structural deformations transferred into the CFD analysis

Product Design Tools

HIGH TEMPERATURE TEST

High Temperature Range of Fans are independently certified by BSRIA/BSI to allow EN12101-3 / ISO 21927-3 certification of Large Axial Fans. Certification Body: Independent Test Bodies:

Local market certification:

HONG KONG FIRE SERVICES

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES CIVIL DEFENSE

QATAR CIVIL DEFENSE

SINGAPORE CIVIL DEFENSE

TUNNEL & METRO PRODUCT DESIGN SOLUTIONS

Product Design Solutions

BLADE DESIGNS Designed for maximum performance and efficiency with truly symmetrical reversible blade sections for the same performance in both the forwards and reverse direction. Uni-directional Fans are designed for optimised performance in single direction with blade profiles matched to guide vane technology improving overall fan efficiency and reduced running costs.

Product Design Solutions

Uni-Directional

BLADE DESIGNS Reversible

Forward motion Reverse motion The Unidirectional blade when run in reverse will offer approximately 60% of the forward flow. Reverse operation must be limited to emergency use only. The additional air turbulences created increase vibration levels in the blade which leads to reduced performances and will lead to premature structural failure

100% reversible fans are designed for maximum performance and efficiency and so have truly symmetrical reversible blade sections. They give the same performance in both the forwards and reverse direction.

A truly symmetrical blade avoids any turbulence, will have a smoother flow, and no risk of blade failure

CASE STUDY PROJECTS

TUNNELS & METRO CASE STUDIES

TUNNEL PROJECT IN MARMARY, TURKEY

KEY PRODUCTS

RAIL TUNNEL – opened in 2013, Istanbul Turkey, Prestigious Project connecting the continent Europe to Asia. PROJECT DETAILS 3 underground stations, connected by a 1.4km long earthquake proofed immersed tube 60m below sea level, the deepest undersea immersed tube tunnel in the world.

PROJECT: Railway tunnel stretching 8.5 miles across Istanbul and under the Bosphorus Strait. LOCATION: Istanbul, Turkey

Double Impeller Axial Fan

NEED: tunnel ventilation systems which could provide adequate ventilation for train fire scenarios under the Bosphorus Sea, as well as withstand major earthquakes. SOLUTION: 30 double impeller fans with diameters 2.5/2.8m, as well as 18 single impeller units with diameters over

PROJECT DETAILS

DELHI METRO, INDIA KEY PRODUCTS

PROJECT: 8.1 miles of Underground system across Delhi connecting with 40 miles and 58 stations LOCATION: Delhi, India NEED: Turnkey tunnel ventilation system to provide adequate air conditioning and ventilation for train fire scenarios

Phase 1 (2000) Turnkey contract for Tunnel Ventilation System Trackway exhaust fans reversible type were supplied, installed & commissioned for air conditioning of 7 U/G stations.

Large Diameter Axial Fan

Phase 2 (2011) 2m Reversible Axial Fans Smoke Extract 1.6m Axial Fans Supply Fans 1.12m Tunnel Booster Fans Jet Fans Phase 3 (2016) 2m Reversible Axial Fans Smoke Extract 1.12m Tunnel Booster Fans Jet Fans

Jet Fans

SOLUTION: • Products supplied and commissioned in DMRC Ph1 26 No 2.0m dia. reversible Tunnel Ventilation Fans2 No 1.8m dia. reversible Tunnel Ventilation Fans42 No 1.25m dia. reversible, track exhaust fans 8 No 1.6m dia. tunnel booster fans (Jet Fans) 2 No 1.12m dia. tunnel booster fans (Jet Fans)3.5m W x 3.5m H sound attenuators for TVF fans: 56 Qty. Sound Attenuators for TEF and Jet Fans: 136 No Stainless steel nozzles152 No fire proof

A55 TUNNEL CONWY, WALES KEY PRODUCTS Series of 4 Road Tunnels on A55 Road 1. 2. 3. 4.

Conwy Tunnel – 1060m Penmaenbach Westbound Tunnel – 658m Penmaenbach Eastbound Headland Tunnel – 172m Pen-y-Clip Westbound Tunnel – 930m

Stainless Steel Jet Fans with 1D Silencers.

400 deg. C for 2 hour rated Large Axial Reversible Jet Fans – Stainless Steel Construction Mounting Frames, Safety Chains and Spring Hangars.

PROJECT DETAILS PROJECT: Series of Road Tunnels in North Wales, UK comprising total tunnel length of 2.820 km. LOCATION: North Wales, UK NEED: Smoke Extraction High Temperature rated and pollution control Reversible Jet Fans. SOLUTION: 58 x 1.8-1.6m diameter Reversible High temperature rated fans. 32 x 1.12m diameter Axial Supply Fans

ELEFSINA-TSAKONA MOTORWAY, GREECE The project represents a new, highway, with a total length of 365.4 km, through which a more direct and safe connection between Elefsina and Tsakona of Messinia region of Greece. Comprises 5 Road Tunnels at Platanos, Panagopoula, Marva Litharia, Derveni and Akrata.

KEY PRODUCTS 1250mm diameter and 1000mm dia. Jet Fans with 1D Silencers. Large Axial Fans and associated Transitions and Silencers 2 x 2.8m Diameter Uni-directional Large Axial Fans 300 deg. C for 2 and 400 deg. C for 2 hour rated Large Axial Reversible Jet Fans Mounting Frames, Safety Chains and Spring Hangars.

PROJECT DETAILS PROJECT: 5 Road Tunnels in Greece along Elefdina-Tsakona Motorway. LOCATION: Greece, UK NEED: Smoke Extraction High Temperature rated and pollution control Reversible Jet Fans. SOLUTION: 10 x 1.0m diameter Jet Fans rated at 400 deg. C for 2 hours, 60 x 1.0m diameter Jet Fans rated at 300 deg. C for 2 hours and 26 x 1.25m diameter Jet Fans rated at 300 deg. C for 2 hours. 2 x 2.8m dia. Axial Fans for Mid

FLÄKT WOODS – AIR MOVEMENT

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