Table Of Upper Limb Muscles 1c731c
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MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LIMB Action Origin Insertion
Category
Muscle
Thorax
Pectoralis Major
Adduction (S) Medial rotation (S)
Pectoralis Minor
Protracts scapula Elevates ribs
Serratus Anterior
Protracts and rotates scapula, holds scapula to thoracic wall Medial rotation of humerus (rot. Cuff) Extension (S) Adduction (S) Medial rotatation (S)
Shoulder
Subscapularis Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres major
Teres minor
Adduction (S) Anterior fibers : flexion (S) Posterior fibers: Extension (S) Abduction (S) Lateral rotation (S) (rot. cuff) Lateral rotation (S) (rot. cuff) Adduction (S) Medial rotation (S) Adduction (S) Lateral rotation (rot. cuff)
Innervation
Blood Supply Pectoral br of thoracoacromial a. Pectoral br of thoracoacromial a. Lateral thoracic (br of axillary)
Medial part of clavicle, costal part of the sternum Coracoid process
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus Ribs 2-5
Lateral (C5,C6, C7) and Medial (C8, T1) pectoral nerves Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
Upper 9 ribs
Medial border of scapula
Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
Subscapular fossa
Lesser tubercle of humerus Floor of intertubercular sulcus
Upper and lower subscapular nerves Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8) (from posterior cord)
Deltoid tubercle on lateral surface of humerus
Axillary nerve (C5, C6) (from posterior cord)
Subscapular a. (br of axillary) Thoracodorsal a. (inferior continuation of subscapular a) Deltoid br of thoracoacromial a.
Supraspinous fossa in the scapula
Greater tubercle of humerus
Infraspinous fossa in the scapula Inferior angle of scapula
Greater tubercle of humerus Lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove (goes anteriorly) Greater tubercle of humerus (goes posteriorly)
Suprascapula nerve (directly from upper trunk) Suprascapular nerve
Suprascapular a. (br of thyrocervical a). Suprascapular a.
Lower subscapular nerve
Subscapular a. Circumflex scapular a. (br of subscapular) Subscapular a. Circumflex scapular a.
Thoracolumbar fascia (spinous pr of lower thoracic, lumbar vertebrae) Lateral third of clavicle, the acromion, scapular spine
Lateral border of scapula
Axillary nerve
Category
Muscle
Action
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Anterior Arm
Brachialis
Most powerful flexion (E) Flexion (E) Supination Flexion (S) – only for long head
Anterior humerus
Tuberosity of ulna
Long Hd : Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Short Hd : Coracoid process Medial humerus
Bicipital aponeurosis and tuberosity of radius
Musculocutaneous nerve Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachial a. (also radial recurrent a.) Brachial a.
Brachial a.
Long Hd: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Medial Hd: Posterior surface of humerus inferior to spiral groove Lateral Hd : posterior humerus superior to spiral groove
Olecranon process (ulna)
Musculocutaneous nerve Radial nerve
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood
Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis Adduction (S) Posterior arm
Triceps Brachii
Flexion (S) Extension (E) Extension (S) – only long head
Category
Muscle
Action
Coracoid process
Deep Brachial a. (br of brachial a.)
Supply Anterior Forearm (Flexors) Most superficial Forearm Flexors
Brachioradialis Pronator teres
Flexion (E) during semipronation (handshake muscle) Pronation Flexion (E)
Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus
Flexion (W) Abduction (W)
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexion (W) Adduction (W)
Flexion (W)
Superficial Forearm Flexors
Flexor digitorum Flexion (W) Flexes MCsuperficialis
Category
Muscle
phalangeal and proximal interphalangeal ts of 4 medial fingers
Action
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Two heads; medial humerus and coronoid process of ulna Medial epicondyle of humerus
Lateral aspect of the radius (styloid process of radius) Midway along lateral surface of radius
Radial nerve
Radial recurrent a.
Median nerve
Ulnar artery
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Median nerve
Ulnar artery
Medial epicondyle of humerus Medial epicondyle of humerus (and medial olecranon process) – 2 heads! Crescent shaped – medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, anterior surface of radius
Palmar aponeurosis
Median nerve
Ulnar artery
Pisiform bone
Ulnar nerve
Ulnar artery
By four long tendons onto the middle phalanx of the 4 medial fingers (except thumb and pinky)
Ulnar nerve
Ulnar artery
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood
Supply Deep Forearm Flexors
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexion of thumb
Flexor digitorum Flexion (W) Flexes Mrofundus
Pronator quadratus Posterior Forearm (Extensors) Superficial Forearm Extensors
Distal anterior surface of ulna
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Median nerve (interosseous br)
Posterior interosseous a. (br of ulnar artery) Anterior interosseous a. (br of ulnar artery)
By four long tendons onto the distal phalanx of 4 medial fingers (es through a slit in the tendon of flex. Digit. Sup) Distal anterior surface of radius
Medial Part : Ulnar nerve.
Median nerve (interosseous br)
Anterior interosseous a.
Lateral Part : Median nerve (interosseous br)
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extension (W) Abduction (W)
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Radial nerve
Radial a.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum
Extension (W) Abduction (W)
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Base of 3rd metacarpal
Radial nerve (deep br)
Radial a.
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor expansions of 4 medial fingers
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor expansion of pinky
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Interosseous recurrent & posterior interosseous aa. Interosseous recurrent a.
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extension (W) Extends Mhalangeal ts for 4 medial fingers Extends Mhalangeal and interphalangeal ts for pinky Extension (W) Adduction (W)
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Base of 5th metacarpal
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Ulnar a.
Muscle
Action
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood
Extensor digiti minimi
Category
phalangeal and distal interphalangeal ts of 4 medial fingers Pronation
Anterior surface of radius (interosseous membrane) Proximal part of medial and anterior surface of ulna (interosseous membrane)
Supply Deep Forearm Extensors
Supinator
Supination
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Base of 5th metacarpal
Anconeus
Extension (E)
Lateral epicondyle of humerus Posterior surface of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
Lateral side of olecranon process Base of 1st metacarpal
Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal t Extends thumb at carpometacarpal and interphalangeal ts Extends 2nd digit (index finger)
Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Posterior interosseous a.
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Posterior interosseous a.
Extensor expansion of index finger
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Posterior interosseous a.
Action
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood
4 tendons that Abductor deep to the pollicis longus extensor digitorum (Wrist extensors) Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis
Category
Muscle
Abducts thumb Helps extend thumb at carpometacarpal t
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br) Radial nerve Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Interosseous recurrent a. Interosseous recurrent a. Posterior interosseous a. (br of ulnar artery)
Supply Anterior/Posteri or Hand Thenar Muscles
Hypothenar muscles
Abductor pollicis brevis
Abducts thumb (helps oppose it)
Flexor pollicis brevis
Flexes thumb
Opponens pollicis
Draws 1st metacarpal bone laterally to oppose thumb
Adductor pollicis
Adducts thumb towards the middle digits
Palmaris brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Helps tense skin over hypothenar/thenar muscles Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it (opposition) Flexes proximal phalanx of digit 5
Abductor digiti minimi
Abducts digit 5 (pinky)
Muscle
Action
Opponens digiti minimi
Category
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles on scaphoid and trapezium Tubercles on scaphoid and trapezium Tubercles on scaphoid and trapezium (and flexor retinaculum) Capitate and palmar surface of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Median nerve (Recurrent br)
Radial a. (superficial palmar br)
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Median nerve (Recurrent br)
Lateral side of 1st metacarpal (thumb)
Median nerve (Recurrent br)
Radial a. (superficial palmar br) Radial a. (superficial palmar br)
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Ulnar nerve (deep br)
Deep palmar arterial arch (br of radial a.)
Into the dermis on the ulnar side of hand
Ulnar nerve (superficial br)
Ulnar a.
Hook of hamate (and flexor retinaculum)
Medial border of 5th metacarpal
Ulnar nerve (deep br)
Ulnar a.
Hook of hamate (and flexor retinaculum) Pisiform
Proximal phalanx of pinky
Ulnar nerve (deep br)
Ulnar a.
Base of proximal phalanx of pinky
Ulnar nerve (deep br)
Ulnar a.
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood
Supply Palmar muscles
Lumbricals (4)
Flex : Mhalangeal ts Extend : Intercarpophalangea l ts
Dorsal interossei (4)
Abduct digits (PAD)
Palmar interossei (3)
Adduct digits (DAB)
1 & 2 : Lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus 3 & 4 : Medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus Adjacent sides of metacarpal bones
Lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 2-5
1 & 2 : Median nerve 3 & 4 : Ulnar nerve
Superficial palmar arterial arch (br of ulnar a.)
Bases of proximal phalanges AND dorsal expansions of digits 2, 3, 4
Ulnar nerve (deep br)
2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpal bones
Dorsal digital expansions of digits 2, 4, 5
Ulnar nerve (deep br)
Dorsal and palmar metacarpal a. (br of deep palmar arch of radial a.) Palmar metacarpal a.
Category
Muscle
Thorax
Pectoralis Major
Adduction (S) Medial rotation (S)
Pectoralis Minor
Protracts scapula Elevates ribs
Serratus Anterior
Protracts and rotates scapula, holds scapula to thoracic wall Medial rotation of humerus (rot. Cuff) Extension (S) Adduction (S) Medial rotatation (S)
Shoulder
Subscapularis Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres major
Teres minor
Adduction (S) Anterior fibers : flexion (S) Posterior fibers: Extension (S) Abduction (S) Lateral rotation (S) (rot. cuff) Lateral rotation (S) (rot. cuff) Adduction (S) Medial rotation (S) Adduction (S) Lateral rotation (rot. cuff)
Innervation
Blood Supply Pectoral br of thoracoacromial a. Pectoral br of thoracoacromial a. Lateral thoracic (br of axillary)
Medial part of clavicle, costal part of the sternum Coracoid process
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus Ribs 2-5
Lateral (C5,C6, C7) and Medial (C8, T1) pectoral nerves Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
Upper 9 ribs
Medial border of scapula
Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
Subscapular fossa
Lesser tubercle of humerus Floor of intertubercular sulcus
Upper and lower subscapular nerves Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8) (from posterior cord)
Deltoid tubercle on lateral surface of humerus
Axillary nerve (C5, C6) (from posterior cord)
Subscapular a. (br of axillary) Thoracodorsal a. (inferior continuation of subscapular a) Deltoid br of thoracoacromial a.
Supraspinous fossa in the scapula
Greater tubercle of humerus
Infraspinous fossa in the scapula Inferior angle of scapula
Greater tubercle of humerus Lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove (goes anteriorly) Greater tubercle of humerus (goes posteriorly)
Suprascapula nerve (directly from upper trunk) Suprascapular nerve
Suprascapular a. (br of thyrocervical a). Suprascapular a.
Lower subscapular nerve
Subscapular a. Circumflex scapular a. (br of subscapular) Subscapular a. Circumflex scapular a.
Thoracolumbar fascia (spinous pr of lower thoracic, lumbar vertebrae) Lateral third of clavicle, the acromion, scapular spine
Lateral border of scapula
Axillary nerve
Category
Muscle
Action
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Anterior Arm
Brachialis
Most powerful flexion (E) Flexion (E) Supination Flexion (S) – only for long head
Anterior humerus
Tuberosity of ulna
Long Hd : Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Short Hd : Coracoid process Medial humerus
Bicipital aponeurosis and tuberosity of radius
Musculocutaneous nerve Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachial a. (also radial recurrent a.) Brachial a.
Brachial a.
Long Hd: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Medial Hd: Posterior surface of humerus inferior to spiral groove Lateral Hd : posterior humerus superior to spiral groove
Olecranon process (ulna)
Musculocutaneous nerve Radial nerve
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood
Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis Adduction (S) Posterior arm
Triceps Brachii
Flexion (S) Extension (E) Extension (S) – only long head
Category
Muscle
Action
Coracoid process
Deep Brachial a. (br of brachial a.)
Supply Anterior Forearm (Flexors) Most superficial Forearm Flexors
Brachioradialis Pronator teres
Flexion (E) during semipronation (handshake muscle) Pronation Flexion (E)
Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus
Flexion (W) Abduction (W)
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexion (W) Adduction (W)
Flexion (W)
Superficial Forearm Flexors
Flexor digitorum Flexion (W) Flexes MCsuperficialis
Category
Muscle
phalangeal and proximal interphalangeal ts of 4 medial fingers
Action
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Two heads; medial humerus and coronoid process of ulna Medial epicondyle of humerus
Lateral aspect of the radius (styloid process of radius) Midway along lateral surface of radius
Radial nerve
Radial recurrent a.
Median nerve
Ulnar artery
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Median nerve
Ulnar artery
Medial epicondyle of humerus Medial epicondyle of humerus (and medial olecranon process) – 2 heads! Crescent shaped – medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, anterior surface of radius
Palmar aponeurosis
Median nerve
Ulnar artery
Pisiform bone
Ulnar nerve
Ulnar artery
By four long tendons onto the middle phalanx of the 4 medial fingers (except thumb and pinky)
Ulnar nerve
Ulnar artery
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood
Supply Deep Forearm Flexors
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexion of thumb
Flexor digitorum Flexion (W) Flexes Mrofundus
Pronator quadratus Posterior Forearm (Extensors) Superficial Forearm Extensors
Distal anterior surface of ulna
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Median nerve (interosseous br)
Posterior interosseous a. (br of ulnar artery) Anterior interosseous a. (br of ulnar artery)
By four long tendons onto the distal phalanx of 4 medial fingers (es through a slit in the tendon of flex. Digit. Sup) Distal anterior surface of radius
Medial Part : Ulnar nerve.
Median nerve (interosseous br)
Anterior interosseous a.
Lateral Part : Median nerve (interosseous br)
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extension (W) Abduction (W)
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Radial nerve
Radial a.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum
Extension (W) Abduction (W)
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Base of 3rd metacarpal
Radial nerve (deep br)
Radial a.
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor expansions of 4 medial fingers
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor expansion of pinky
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Interosseous recurrent & posterior interosseous aa. Interosseous recurrent a.
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extension (W) Extends Mhalangeal ts for 4 medial fingers Extends Mhalangeal and interphalangeal ts for pinky Extension (W) Adduction (W)
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Base of 5th metacarpal
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Ulnar a.
Muscle
Action
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood
Extensor digiti minimi
Category
phalangeal and distal interphalangeal ts of 4 medial fingers Pronation
Anterior surface of radius (interosseous membrane) Proximal part of medial and anterior surface of ulna (interosseous membrane)
Supply Deep Forearm Extensors
Supinator
Supination
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Base of 5th metacarpal
Anconeus
Extension (E)
Lateral epicondyle of humerus Posterior surface of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
Lateral side of olecranon process Base of 1st metacarpal
Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal t Extends thumb at carpometacarpal and interphalangeal ts Extends 2nd digit (index finger)
Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Posterior interosseous a.
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Posterior interosseous a.
Extensor expansion of index finger
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Posterior interosseous a.
Action
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood
4 tendons that Abductor deep to the pollicis longus extensor digitorum (Wrist extensors) Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis
Category
Muscle
Abducts thumb Helps extend thumb at carpometacarpal t
Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br) Radial nerve Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous br)
Interosseous recurrent a. Interosseous recurrent a. Posterior interosseous a. (br of ulnar artery)
Supply Anterior/Posteri or Hand Thenar Muscles
Hypothenar muscles
Abductor pollicis brevis
Abducts thumb (helps oppose it)
Flexor pollicis brevis
Flexes thumb
Opponens pollicis
Draws 1st metacarpal bone laterally to oppose thumb
Adductor pollicis
Adducts thumb towards the middle digits
Palmaris brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Helps tense skin over hypothenar/thenar muscles Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it (opposition) Flexes proximal phalanx of digit 5
Abductor digiti minimi
Abducts digit 5 (pinky)
Muscle
Action
Opponens digiti minimi
Category
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles on scaphoid and trapezium Tubercles on scaphoid and trapezium Tubercles on scaphoid and trapezium (and flexor retinaculum) Capitate and palmar surface of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Median nerve (Recurrent br)
Radial a. (superficial palmar br)
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Median nerve (Recurrent br)
Lateral side of 1st metacarpal (thumb)
Median nerve (Recurrent br)
Radial a. (superficial palmar br) Radial a. (superficial palmar br)
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Ulnar nerve (deep br)
Deep palmar arterial arch (br of radial a.)
Into the dermis on the ulnar side of hand
Ulnar nerve (superficial br)
Ulnar a.
Hook of hamate (and flexor retinaculum)
Medial border of 5th metacarpal
Ulnar nerve (deep br)
Ulnar a.
Hook of hamate (and flexor retinaculum) Pisiform
Proximal phalanx of pinky
Ulnar nerve (deep br)
Ulnar a.
Base of proximal phalanx of pinky
Ulnar nerve (deep br)
Ulnar a.
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood
Supply Palmar muscles
Lumbricals (4)
Flex : Mhalangeal ts Extend : Intercarpophalangea l ts
Dorsal interossei (4)
Abduct digits (PAD)
Palmar interossei (3)
Adduct digits (DAB)
1 & 2 : Lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus 3 & 4 : Medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus Adjacent sides of metacarpal bones
Lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 2-5
1 & 2 : Median nerve 3 & 4 : Ulnar nerve
Superficial palmar arterial arch (br of ulnar a.)
Bases of proximal phalanges AND dorsal expansions of digits 2, 3, 4
Ulnar nerve (deep br)
2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpal bones
Dorsal digital expansions of digits 2, 4, 5
Ulnar nerve (deep br)
Dorsal and palmar metacarpal a. (br of deep palmar arch of radial a.) Palmar metacarpal a.
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