Question Answer Chapter 2 Financial Reporting 6o5a2m

Financial Reporting Analysis

CH.2

QUESTIONS & Answers 2- 1. a. Unqualified opinion with explanatory paragraph b. Unqualified opinion with explanatory paragraph c. Unqualified opinion d. Adverse opinion e. Qualified opinion 2- 2. The responsibility for the preparation and integrity of financial statements rests with management. The auditor simply examines them for fairness, conformity with GAAP, and consistency. 2- 3. The basic purpose of the integrated disclosure system is to achieve uniformity between annual reports and SEC filings. It is hoped that this will improve the quality of disclosure and lighten the disclosure load for the companies reporting. 2- 4. The explanatory paragraphs explain important considerations that the reviewer of the financial statements should be aware of. An example would be a doubt as to going concern ability. 2- 5. A review consists principally of inquiries of company personnel and analytical procedures applied to financial data. It is substantially less in scope than an examination in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. 2- 6. No. The ant's report will indicate that they are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the financial statements in order for them to be in conformity with generally accepted ing principles, and the report will indicate departures from generally accepted ing principles. 2- 7. The ant does not express an opinion or any other form of assurance with a compilation. 2- 8. No. Some statements have not been audited, reviewed, or compiled. These statements are presented without being accompanied by an ant's report. 2- 9. Balance Sheet The purpose of a balance sheet is to show the financial position of an ing entity as of a particular date. Income Statement The income statement summarizes the results of operations for an ing period. Statement of Cash Flows The statement of cash flows details the inflows and outflows of cash during a specified period of time. 2-10. Footnotes (notes) increase the full disclosure of the statements by providing information on inventory and depreciation methods, subsequent events, contingent liabilities, etc. 2-11. Contingent liabilities are dependent on an occurrence to determine if payment will be necessary. Liabilities from lawsuits are dependent on the outcome of the cases; they therefore represent contingent liabilities.

2-12. a, c. 2-13. A proxy is the solicitation sent to stockholders for the election of directors and for the approval of other corporation actions. The proxy represents the shareholder authorization regarding the casting of that shareholder’s vote. 2-14. A summary annual report is a condensed annual report that omits much of the financial information included in a typical annual report. 2-15. The firm must include a set of fully audited statements and other required financial disclosures in the proxy materials sent to shareholders. The 10-K is also available to the public. 2-16. There is typically a substantial reduction in nonfinancial pages and financial pages. The greatest reduction in pages is usually in the financial pages. 2-17. Cash flows from operating activities, cash flows from investing activities, and cash flows from financing activities. 2.18. The income statement and the statement of cash flows. The income statement describes income between two balance sheet dates. The statement of cash flows describes cash flows between two balance sheet dates. 2-19. Assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity 2-20. No. Cash dividends are paid with cash. This reduces the cash and the retained earnings . 2-21. Footnotes are an integral part of financial statements. A detailed review of footnotes is absolutely essential in order to understand the financial statements. 2-22. APB Opinion No. 22 requires disclosure of ing policies as the first footnote to financial statements or just prior to the footnotes. 2-23. They are interchangeable referring to ideals of character and conduct. These ideals, in the form of codes of conduct, furnish criteria for distinguishing between right and wrong. 2-24. Law can be viewed as the minimum standard of ethics. 2-25. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' equity (capital). 2-26. The scheme of the double-entry system revolves around the ing equation: Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity With double-entry, each transaction is recorded with the total dollar amount of the debits equal to the total dollar amount of the credits. Each transaction affects two or more asset, liability, or owners' equity s (including the temporary s). 2-27. a. Assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity s are referred to as permanent s because the balances in these s carry forward to the

next ing period. b. Revenue, expense, gain, loss, and dividend s are not carried into the next period. These s are closed to Retained Earnings. They are referred to as temporary s. 2-28. Because the employee worked in the period just ended, the salary must be matched to that period's revenue. 2-29. Most of the s are not up to date at the end of the ing period. These s need to be adjusted so that all revenues and expenses are recognized and the balance sheet s have a correct ending balance. 2-30. Companies use a number of special journals to improve record keeping efficiency that could not be obtained by using only the general journal. 2-31. The SEC requires foreign registrants to conform to U.S. GAAP, either directly or by reconciliation. This approach presents a problem to the U.S. Securities exchanges, such as the NYSE. This is because the U.S. standards are perceived to be the most stringent. This puts exchanges like the NYSE at a competitive disadvantage with foreign exchanges that are perceived to have lower standards. 2-32. Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship is a business entity owned by one person. Partnership A partnership is a business owned by two or more individuals. Corporation A corporation is a legal entity incorporated in a particular state. Ownership is evidenced by shares of stock. 2-33. The use of insider information could result in abnormal returns. 2-34. In an efficient market the method of disclosure is not as important as whether or not the item is disclosed. 2-35. Abnormal returns could be achieved if the market does not have access to relevant information or if fraudulent information is provided. 2-36. Purchase — With the purchase method the firm doing the acquiring records the identifiable assets and liabilities at fair value at the date of acquisition. The difference between the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities and the amount paid is recorded as goodwill (an asset). 2-37. Consolidated statements reflect an economic, rather than a legal, concept of the entity. 2-38. The financial statements of the parent and the subsidiary are consolidated for all majority-owned subsidiaries unless control is temporary or does not rest with the majority owner. 2-39. The SEC requires that a copy of the companies code of ethics be made available by filing and exhibit with its annual report, or by providing it on the company’s Internet Web Site.