[lab Report Operation Unit] Experiment 1(a) Measuring Specific Gravity Of A Liquid By Using Measuring Beaker, Eureka Can, Density Bottle And Hydrometer Method 1x662i

Title: Experiment 1A Measuring specific gravity of a liquid by using measuring beaker, eureka can, density bottle and hydrometer method

Objective: To determine specific gravity of a liquid using measuring beaker, eureka can and density bottle method.

Apparatus: Measuring beaker, eureka can, density bottle, balance, water liquid, solid object, and ruler.

Theory: Specific gravity or also called as Relative Density, of a substance may be defined as the ratio of its mass density to the mass density of water taken at atmospheric pressure at 4 degree Celsius. Since it is a ratio, specific gravity has no unit. Mass density is defined as the mass of material per unit volume. So to determine density of a liquid it is necessary to determine the mass of a known volume of liquid. Measurement of volume must be done with due care.

Procedure: A) Using measuring beaker method i. An empty beaker was weighed. ii. The beaker was filled with water and the volume was recorded. iii. The beaker that filled with water was weighed and the mass of water was recorded. iv. Mass density ; Ρ = mass in grams/vol in ml or P = mass in kg/vol in m3 v. Average mass density was calculated vi. The steps above were repeated by using syrup in place of water. vii. Specific gravity ;

S.G = ρ/ρw

B) Using eureka can method i. A solid object was found that fit in the eureka can. ii. The dimension and volume of the object was measured and calculated. The volume was recorded. iii. The eureka can was placed at the edge of a working surface and was filled with water until it overflows. iv. An empty beaker was weighed and the mass was recorded. It is then was placed under the spout. v. The object was lowered carefully until it fully immersed. The displaced water in the beaker was collected. vi. The mass of beaker filled with water was recorded. The mass of water can be calculated by subtracting the mass of empty beaker. vii. Mass density was calculated. viii. The above steps were repeated by using syrup in place of water. ix. The specific gravity of liquid was calculated. C) Using density bottle method i. The bottle and stopper was dried. ii. The bottle with stopper was weighed and the weight was recorded. iii. The bottle was filled with water and the stopper was replaced. iv. The outside of the bottle was dried with a piece of cloth or tissue paper. Any excess of water was removed from the stopper such that the liquid in the hole is level with the top of the stopper. v. When the water is level with the top of the stopper, the volume of water was 50cm3. vi. The bottle with stopper and water was weighed. The mass was recorded. vii. Mass density was calculated. viii. The above method was repeated by using syrup in placed of water. ix. The specific gravity of liquid was calculated.

Observations and results A) Using beaker method : For water Mass of water (g)

Vol. Of water (cm3)

Mass density of water (g/cm3)

155.263

93.063

100

0.931

61.900

156.901

95.001

100

0.950

61.744

159.700

97.956

100

0.980

Mass density of water (g/cm3)

S.N o

Weight of empty beaker (g)

Weight of beaker + water (g)

1

62.200

2 3

Average ρwater = 0.9533 g/cm3

: For (liquid) = Syrup S.N o

Weight of empty beaker (g)

Weight of beaker + water (g)

Mass of water (g)

Vol. Of water (cm3)

1

63.104

146.264

83.160

100

0.882

2

62.101

146.261

84.160

100

0.842

3

64.107

146.288

82.181

100

0.822

Average ρliquid = 0.8487 g/cm3

Calculation : Specific gravity of liquid = ρwater / ρliquid = 0.8487 / 0.9533 = 0.8903 g/cm3

B) Using eureka can method Vol. of object = 3.1×3.1×8.1 cm3 : For water S.No

Weight of empty beaker (g)

Weight of beaker + water (g)

Mass of water (g)

Mass density of water (g/cm3)

1

62.5173

144.5010

81.9837

1.0532

2

62.5172

143.8720

81.3548

1.0452

3

62.5174

142.6381

80.1207

1.0293

Average ρwater = 1.0426 g/cm3 : For (liquid) = Syrup S.No

Weight of empty beaker (g)

Weight of beaker + water (g)

Mass of water (g)

Mass density of water (g/cm3)

1

63.1902

143.4611

80.2709

1.0312

2

61.2800

141.7429

80.4629

1.0336

3

61.9386

142.7039

80.7658

1.0376

Average ρliquid = 1.034 g/cm3

Calculation : Specific gravity of liquid = ρwater / ρliquid = 1.034 / 1.0426 = 0.991 g/cm3

C) Using density bottle method : For water Volume of water = 100 cm3 S.N o

Weight of empty bottle (g)

Wieght of bottle + water (g)

Mass of water (g)

Mass of density water (g/cm3)

1

61.702

140.55

78.848

0.788

2

60.749

136.46

75.711

0.757

3

63.399

141.15

77.751

0.777

Average ρwater = 1.549 g/cm3 : For (liquid) = Syrup Volume of liquid = 100 cm3 S.N o

Weight of empty bottle (g)

Wieght of bottle + water (g)

Mass of water (g)

Mass of density water (g/cm3)

1

61.702

140.55

78.848

0.788

2

60.749

136.46

75.711

0.757

3

63.399

141.15

77.751

0.777

Average ρliquid = 0.774 g/cm3

Calculation : Specific gravity of liquid = ρwater / ρliquid = 0.774 / 1.549 = 0.4977 g/cm

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