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G.K. CAPSULE FOR IB ACIO 2015 Exam Ancient India Harappan Civilization was discovered in 9 ‐ 9 when two of the most important sites were excavated. These were Harappa on the banks of river Rawi in Punjab and Mohenjodaro on the banks of the river Indus in Pakistan. The Great Granary measuring feets × feets is the most remarkable structure found in Harappa. Mohenjodero is derived from a sindhi word which means mound of the dead . )t was excavated by Mr. R. D. Banerjee in 1922 in the Larkana district of Pakistan Black‐bangles as the name Kalibanga indicated was found in Kalibanga. Lothal was excavated in 1957 by Mr. S.R. Rao. It is located in Gujrat on the coastal flat of Gulf of Cambay. An artificial brick dockyard was found here which sewed as the main sea port for the people of Indus Valley civilization. At Banwali large quantity of barley & mustard was found. Dholavira is the latest and one of the two largest Harappan settlement in India the other one in Rakigarhi in Haryana. The towns were based on Grid pattern street & lones cutting across one another at right angles dividing the city into number of rectangular blocks. The city was divided into too parts, the C)TADEL a fortified area which housed important civic & religious public buildings including granaries and residences. Rig Veda is the oldest of all the Vedas, contains 1017 Suktas; contains 11 Balakhilya which makes total number of Suktas ; it also contains Mandals . The mandalas II to VI are discribed to Gritsamada, Viswamitra, Vamadeva, Arti, Bhardwaja & Vasistha. The Mandalas I, VIII, IX & X are latest mandalas. Sam Veda is collection of hyms taken from Rig Veda & set

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During the sixth century BC Indian history saw establishment of first territorial kingdom and second phase of urbanization and development in India. During the period 16 major mahajanpadas emerged. Some of them are given below:

Yajur Veda is collection of rituals for performing different sacrifies. It consists of 40 chapters & recited by a priest known as Adhavaru. It is divided in two parts Krishna Yajurveda & Sukla Yajurveda. The Altharva Veda is collection of magic, spell & charms, it contains many popular supertitions and also contains non Aryan elements.

Mahajanapada Mallas Magadha Anga Vajji Kashi Koshala Vasta Avanti -

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Capital Kushinagar, Pawa Rajgir, later Patliputra Champa Vaishali Varanasi Shravasti Kaushambi Ujjain

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Shurasena Mathura Matsya Viratnagar Gandhara Taxila Chedi Suktimati Bimbisara founded the Magadha Empire who belongs to Haryanka Dynasty. Bimbisara was married to chellana, princess of the lichchavi family of Vaishali Bimbisara also married Khema of the royal house of Madra in Punjab. Bimbisara defeated Brohamadatta of Anga and annexed the kingdom. Both Buddhist and Jains claim that Ajatshatru was follower of their religicn. According to the Mahavamsa he constructed several chaityas and viharas. He was instrumental in convening the first Buddhist council at Rajgriha. Mahapa Nanda was the powerful ruler of Nanda dynasty who uprooted the Kshatriya dynasties in the North India. During this period only Alexander invaded India.

Jainism According to jains tradition there were twenty four Tirthankaras (prophets or gurur) or ford makers across the stream of existence. The first was Rishabhanath and the last (twenty fourth) was Mahavira Varhamana Mahavira s original name was Vardhamana, he was born at Kundagrama in a suburb of Vaisali. Kunda grama is presently known as Basukunda and is situated in Muzzaffarpur district (Bihar). Mahavira was married to Yashoda and had a daughter (Priyadarsa) whose husband, Jamali, became the first disciple of Mahavira. Mahavira is also known as Arhant and Kina (conqueror). Nirgantha (free of fetters). His fellowers were named Jain. Mahavira attained Kaivalya (death) in 468 BCE at the age of 72 at Pava near Rajegriha. The place is said to be Pavapuri (Bihar). Sudharman became the head of the Jain Sangha after him. Main Tenets of Jainism As preached by Mahavira: The Principle of Jainism, as preached by mahavira, can be summed up as follows: Mahavira refected the authority of the Vedas and the Vedic rituals. Mahavira did not believe in the existence of God. He advocated an austere and simple life with the ultimate aim to attain Kaivalya (Nirvana or Moksha). Mahavira believed in Karma and the trans migration of soul (atma). According to Jainism the world consits of two elements: Jiva (conscious being) and atma (the unconscious).

Jira acts, feels and wills. It suffers and dies. Atma is external and is born and reborn. Mahavira believed that the soul is immortal. Man undergoes through successive births depending on his Karma, in the present or previous births on of karmas good or bad, the soul creates its own present or future. The ultimate aim of Jiva should be to get rid of the cycle of birth and rebirth and attain nirvana. The only way to nirvana his through the three Jevels Triratna ‐Right faith, Right knowledge and Right conduct. The three main jewels of Jainism were Right faith (Samyak darshana), knowledge (Jana) and conduct (charitra). Jains lay great emphasis on equality. Mahavira accepted the caste system yet he said that man may be good or bad according to his karma and not on of his birth. Five vows / main teachings prescribed by Mahavirs: a Ahimsa non‐violence violence should not be caused by words, thoughts and actions. b Satya‐one should speak the truth and only the truth. c Asateya Non‐stealing stealing in any form is bad. d Aparigraha Non‐Possession Wealth and property in any form should not be accumulated and e)Brahmacharya (Chartity) all kinds of ions, emotions and desires must be put under control. First Jain Council was held in Patliputra under the leadership of Sthulabahu in the beginning of the third century BC. Second council was held at Valabhi in the 512 BC. Gautam Buddha and Buddhism Gautama or Siddhartha was born at Lumbinivan in 563 BC. on the Vaisakha Purnima day in the royal grove at Lumbini, near Kapilavastu. The Rummindei Pillar inscription of Ashoka marks site of Buddha s birth. He married Yasodhara. He had son named Rahul Teachings of Buddha / Main Doctrines of Buddhism He declared that everything was transitory or impermanent. His teachings are based on the four noble truths that the world is full of sorrow (dukkha); that there are cause of sorrow dukkha‐Samudava ; that this sorrow can be stopped dukkha‐niradha ; and the path leading to the cessation of sorrow dukkha‐nirodha magamini‐ pratiped). The way to nirvana (emancipates), in Buddhism, or the path that leads to cessation of suffering, higher wisdom and peace of mind, is known as the noble eight feed path. Buddha could it the middle path (Majjhima margga) as it avoided both the extremes of gross luxury and grim austerity.

The Eightfold paths are: 1)Right understanding, free from superstition and delusion 2)Right Thoughts, high and worthy of the intelligent earnest man 3)Right speech, kind, open, truthful 4)Right action, peaceful, honest, pure 5)Right livelihood, bringing hurt or thing Right effort, in self‐training and in self control 7)Right Mindfulness, the active, watchful mind 8)Right concentration, earnest thought on the deep

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IMPORTANT POINTS 1. (arappan Civilization discovered in ‐ 1921 2. The local name of Mohanjodaro is ‐Mound of the Dead 3. The Indus Valley Civilization discovered by DR Sahni 4. Patnjali is known for the compilation of ‐ Yoga Sutra 5. Satyameva Jayate has been adopted from which book? - Mundaka Uparishad 6. Which Veda contains an on magical charms and spells?‐ Atharavaveda 7. The city of Pataliputra found by Udayin 8. Buddha belonged to - Sakya clan 9. Buddha Charita wrote by Asvaghosha 10. The last Mauryan emperor was Brihadratha 11. Saka era started by Kanishka (AD 78) 12. The First king issued gold coins in )ndia by )ndo ‐ Greeks 13. The subject matter of Ajanta painting pertains to ‐ Buddhism 14. First major inscription in classical Sanskrit is that of ‐ Rudradaman 15. Which Gupta King was known as the Napolean of India? Samudragupta Medieval India 1. The Khajuraho temples built by ‐Chandela 2. The four mathas in the four corners of India by Shankaracharya 3. The Somnath temple destroyed by Mahmud Ghaznavi, was dedicated to - Lord Siva 4. )bn Batuta traveler come from ‐ Morocco 5. Which Sultan founded a town where now stands Agra? ‐ Sikandar 6. The author of Ain‐ i‐ Akbari was Abul Fazal 7. Ibadatkhana at Fatehpur Sikri was built by Akbar 8. The Sun temple of Konark was build by Narasimhadeva (Gang Dynasty) 9. Ibn Batuta as the Chief Qazi of Delhi was appointed by Mohammad - bin ‐ Tughlaq 10. Diwan -I Musta Kharaji was established by Alauddin Khaliji

Modern India The Indian National Congress (i) Formed in 1885 by A. O. Hume, an Englishman and a retired civil servant. (ii) First session in Bombay under W. C. Banerjee in 1885 (72 delegates attended it). (iii) In the first two decades (1885 1905), quite moderate in its approach and confided in British justice and generosity. (Iv) But the repressive measures of the British gave rise to extremists within Congress like Bipin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai (Lal, Bal, Pal).

Partition of Bengal (i) By Lord Curzon on Oct 16, 1905, through a royal Proclamation, reducing the old province of Bengal in size by creating East Bengal and Assam out of rest of Bengal. (ii) The objective was to set up a communal gulf between Hindus and Muslims. (iii) A mighty upsurge swept the country against the partition. National movement found real expression in the movement against the partition of Bengal in 1905. Swadeshi Movement (1905) (i) Lal, Bal, Pal, and Aurobindo Ghosh played the important role. (ii) INC took the Swadeshi call first at the Banaras Session, 1905 presided over by G. K. Gokhale. (iii) Bonfires of foreign goods were conducted at various places. Formation of Muslim League (1906) (i) Setup in 1906 under the leadership of Aga Khan, Nawab Salimullah of Dhaka and Nawab Mohsin‐ul‐Mulk. (ii) It was a loyalist, communal and conservative political organization which ed the partition of Bengal, opposed the Swadeshi movement, demanded special safeguards to its community and a separate electorate for Muslims. Demand for Swaraj (i) In Dec 1906 at Calcutta, the INC under Dadabhai Naoroji adopted Swaraj Self‐govt as the goal of )ndian people. Surat Session of Indian National Congress (1907): (ii) The INC split into two The moderates, at the Surat were led by Bal, Pal, Lal while the moderates by G. K. Gokhale.

groups session

Indian Councils Act or Minto Morley Reforms (1909) (i) Besides other constitutional measures, it envisaged a separate electorate for Muslims. (ii) Aimed at dividing the nationalist ranks and at rallying the Moderates and the Muslims to the Government's side. Ghadar Party (1913)

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(i) Formed by Lala Hardayal, Taraknath Das and Sohan Singh Bhakna. (ii) HQ was at San Francisco. Home Rule Movement (1916) (i) Started by B. G. Tilak (April, 1916) at Poona and Annie Besant and S.

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Subramania Iyer at Adyar, near Madras (Sept, 1916). (ii) Objective: Self government for India in the British Empire. (iii) Tilak linked up the question of Swaraj with the demand for the formation of Linguistic States and education in vernacular language. He gave the slogan: Swaraj is my birth right and I will have it. Lucknow Pact (1916) (i) Happened following a war between Britain and Turkey leading to anti‐British feelings among Muslims. (ii) Both INC and Muslim League concluded this (Congress accepted the separate electorates and both tly demanded for a representative government and dominion status for the country). August Declaration (1917) (i) After the Lucknow Pact, a British policy was announced which aimed at increasing association of Indians in every branch of the istration for progressive realization of responsible government in India as an integral part of the British empire. This came to be called the August Declaration. Rowlatt Act (March 18, 1919) (i) This gave unbridled powers to the govt. To arrest and imprison suspects without trial for two years maximum. This law enabled the Government to suspend the right of Habeas Corpus, which had been the foundation of civil liberties in Britain. (ii) Caused a wave of anger in all sections. It was the first country‐wide agitation by Gandhiji and marked the foundation of the Non Cooperation Movement. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919) (i) People were agitated over the arrest of Dr. Kitchlu and Dr. Satyapal on April 10, 1919. (ii) General O'Dyer fires at people who assembled in the Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar. (iii) As a result hundreds of men, women and children were killed and thousands injured.

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(iv) Rabindranath Tagore returned his Knighthood in protest. Sir Shankaran Nair resigned from Viceroy's Executive Council after this. Hunter Commission was appointed to enquire into it. (v) On March 13, 1940, Sardar Udham Singh killed O'Dyer when the later was addressing a meeting in Caxton Hall, London. Khilafat Movement (1920) (i) Muslims were agitated by the treatment done with Turkey by the British in the treaty that followed the First World War. (ii) Two brothers, Mohd. Ali and Shaukat Ali started this movement. Non‐cooperation Movement 9 i )t was the first mass‐based political movement under Gandhiji. (ii) Congress ed the resolution in its Calcutta session in Sept 1920. Chauri Chaura Incident (1922) (i)A mob of people at Chauri Chaura (near Gorakhpur) clashed with police and burnt 22 policemen on February 5,1922. (ii) This compelled Gandhiji to withdraw the Non Cooperation movement on Feb. 12, 1922. Simon Commission (1927) (i)Constituted under John Simon, to review the political situation in India and to introduce further reforms and extension of parliamentary democracy. Indian leaders opposed the commission, as there were no Indians in it. (ii)The Government used brutal repression and police attacks to break the popular opposition. At Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai was severely beaten in a lathi‐charge. (e succumbed to his injuries on Oct. 30, 1928. Lahore Session (1929) (i)On Dec. 19, 1929 under the President ship of J. L. Nehru, the INC, at its Lahore Session, declared Poorna Swaraj (Complete independence) as its ultimate goal. (ii)On Dec. , , the newly adopted tri‐colour flag was unfurled and an. 26, 1930 was fixed as the First Independence Day, was to be celebrated every year. Revolutionary Activities (i)The first political murder of a European was committed in 1897 at Poona by the Chapekar brothers, Damodar and Balkishan. Their target was Mr. Rand, President of the Plague Commission, but Lt. Ayerst was accidentally shot. (ii)In 1907, Madam Bhikaiji Cama, a Parsi revolutionary unfurled the flag of India at Stuttgart Congress (of Second international). (iii)In 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla chaki threw a bomb on the carriage of kingford, the unpopular judge of Muzaffapur. Khudiram, Kanhaiyalal Dutt and Satyendranath Bose were hanged (Alipur Case). (iv)In 1909, M L Dhingra shot dead Col. William Curzon Whyllie, the political advisor of India Office in London.

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(v)In 1912, Rasbihari Bose and Sachindra Nath Sanyal threw a bomb and Lord Hardinge at Delhi (Delhi Conspiracy Case). (vi)In Oct, 1924, a meeting of revolutionaries from all parts of India was called at Kanpur. They setup Hindustan Socialist Republic Association/Army (HSRA). (vii)They carried out a dacoity on the Kakori bound train on the Saharanpur‐Lucknow railway line on Aug. , 1925. (viii)Bhagat Singh, with his colleagues, shot dead Saunders (Asst. S. P. Of Lahore, who ordered lathi charge on Lala Lajpat Rai) on Dec. 17, 1928. Then Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb in the Central Assembly on Apr 8, 1929. Thus, he, Rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged on March. 23, 1931 at Lahore Jall (Lahore Conspiracy Case) and their bodies cremated at Hussainiwala near Ferozepur. In 1931, Chandrashekhar Azad shot himself at Alfred Park in Allahabad. Dandi March (1930) (i)Also called the Salt Satyagraha. (ii)Along with 78 followers, Gandhiji started his march from Sabarmati Ashram on March 12, 1930 for the small village Dandhi to break the salt law. (iii)He reached the seashore on Apr. 6, 1930. (iv) He picked a handful of salt and inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement.

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First Round Table conference (1930) (i)It was the first conference arranged between the British and Indians as equals. It was held on Nov. 12, 1930 in London to discuss Simon commission. (ii)Boycotted by INC, Muslim League, Hindu Mahasabha, Liberals and some others were there. Gandhi Irwin Pact (1931) (i)Moderate Statesman, Sapru, Jaikar and Srinivas Shastri initiated efforts to break the ice between Gandhiji and the government. (ii)The two (government represented by Irwin and INC by Gandhiji) signed a pact on March 5, 1931. (iii)In this the INC called off the civil disobedience movement and agreed to the second round table conference. (iv)The government on its part released the political prisoners and conceded the right to make salt for consumption for villages along the coast. Second Round Table Conference (1931) (i)Gandhiji represented the INC and went to London to meet British P. M. Ramsay Macdonald. (ii)However, the session was soon deadlocked on the minorities issue and this time separate electorates was demanded not only by Muslims but also by Depressed Classes, Indian Christians and Anglo Indians. The Communal Award (Aug 16, 1932) (i)Announced by Ramsay McDonald. It showed divide and rule policy of the British. (ii)Envisaged representation of Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo Indians, women and even Backward classes. (iii)Gandhiji, who was in Yeravada jail at that time, started a fast unto death against it. Poona Pact (September 25, 1932) (i)After the announcement of communal award and subsequent fast of Gandhiji, mass meeting took place almost everywhere. (ii)Political leaders like Madan Mohan Malviya, B. R. Ambedkar and M. C. Rajah became active. (iii)Eventually Poona pact was reached and Gandhiji broke his fact on the sixth day (Sept 25, 1932). (iv)In this, the idea of separate electorate for the depressed classes was abandoned, but seats reserved to them in the provincial legislature were increased. Third Round Table Conference (1932) (i) Proved fruitless as most of the national leaders were in prison. The discussions led to the ing of the Government of India Act, 1935. Demand For Pakistan (i)In 1930, Iqbal suggested that the Frontier Province, Baluchistan, Sindh and Kashmir be made the Muslim State within the federation. (ii)Chaudhary Rehmat Ali gave the term Pakistan in 1923. (iii)Mohd. Ali Jinnah of Bombay gave it practicality. (iv)Muslim League first ed the proposal of separate Pakistan in its Lahore session in 1940.

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The Cripps Mission - 1942: • )n Dec. , Japan entered the World War - II and advanced towards Indian borders. By March 7, 1942, Rangoon fell and Japan occupied the entire S E Asia. • The British govt. with a view to getting co‐operation from Indians sent Sir Stafford Cripps, leader of the House of Commons to settle with the Indian leaders. • (e offered a draft which proposed dominion status to be granted after the war. • Rejected by the Congress as it didn t want to rely upon future promises. • Gandhiji termed it as a post dated cheque in a crashing bank. The Revolt of 1942 & The Quit India Movement: • Called the Vardha Proposal and Leaderless Revolt. • The resolution was ed on Aug.8, 1942, at Bombay. Gandhiji gave the slogan Do or Die . • On Aug , the Congress was banned and its important leaders were arrested. • The arrests provoked indignation among the masses and, there being no program of action, the movement became spontaneous and violent. Violence spread throughout the country. • The movement was however crushed. The Indian National Army: Founded by Rasbehari Bose with Captain Mohan Singh. • S.C.Bose secretly escaped from India in Jain 1941, and reached Berlin. In July 1943, he ed the INA at Singapore. There, Rasbehari Bose handed over the leadership to him. • Two )NA head quarters were Rangoon and Singapore (formed in Singapore). • )NA had three fighting brigades named after Gandhiji, Azad and Nehru. Rani Jhansi Brigade was an exclusive women force. The Cabinet Mission Plan (1946): • The struggle for freedom entered a decisive phase in the year ‐ . The new Labour Party PM.Lord Attlee, made a declaration on March 15, 1946, that British Cabinet Mission (comprising of Lord Pethick Lawrence as Chairman, Sir Stafford Cripps and A.V.Alexander) will visit India. • The mission held talks with the )NC and ML to bring about acceptance of their proposals. • On May , , the mission put towards its proposals. It rejected the demand for separate Pakistan and instead a federal union consisting of British India and the Princely States was suggested. • Both Congress and Muslims League accepted it. Formation of Interim Government (Sept 2, 1946): • Based on Cabinet Mission Plan, an interim government consisting of Congress nominees was formed on Sept.2, . J.L.Nehru was its Vice‐President and the Governor‐ General remained as its President. Jinnah’s Direct Action Resolution Aug , 9 : • Jinnah was alarmed at the results of the elections because the Muslim League was in danger of being totally eclipsed in the constituent assembly. • Therefore, Muslim League withdrew its acceptance of the Cabinet Mission Plan on July 29, 1946. • )t ed a Direct action resolution, which condemned

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both the British Government and the Congress (Aug 16, 1946). It resulted in heavy communal riots. • Jinnah celebrated Pakistan Day on Mar , . Formation of Constituent Assembly (Dec 9, 1946): • The Constituent assembly met on Dec , and Dr.Rajendra Prasad was elected as its president.

Mountbatten Plan (June 3, 1947): • On June , , Lord Mountbatten put forward his plan which outlined the steps for the solution of )ndia s political problem. The outlines of the Plan were: • )ndia to be divided into )ndia and Pakistan. • Bengal and Punjab will be partitioned and a referendum in NEFP and Sylhet district of Assam would be held. • There would be a separate constitutional assembly for Pakistan to frame its constitution. • The Princely states would enjoy the liberty to either India or Pakistan or even remain independent. • Aug. , was the date fixed for handing over power to India and Pakistan. • The British govt. ed the )ndian )ndependence Act of 1947 in July 1947, which contained the major provisions put forward by the Mountbatten plan. Partition and Independence (Aug 1947): • All political parties accepted the Mountbatten plan. • At the time of independence, there were 562 small and big Princely States in India. • Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, the first home minister, used iron hand in this regard. By August 15, 1947, all the States, with a few exceptions like Kashmir, Hyderabad and Junagarh had signed the Instrument of Accession. Goa was with the Portuguese and Pondicherry with the French.

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IMPORTANT QUESTIONS Who was the Governor - General of Bengal? - Warren Hastings The trade monopoly of East India company was ended by which act?‐ Charter Act of Adigranth or Guru Granth Saheb was compiled by Guru Arjun Dev Satyarth Prakesh was written by Swami Dayanand Saraswati The theory of economic drain in his book Poverty and Un British Rule in )ndia was given by ‐Dada Bhai Naoroji )ndia was of )ndependence is written by - Begum Hazarat

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7. The first Indian to become member of the British Parliament - Dada bhai Naoroji 8. The last British Viceroy of India - Lord Mountabatten 9. Who represented 1 and the 2nd Round Table conference?‐ M K Ghandi

10. For Which movement did Gandhiji give the slogan, Do Or Die ?‐Ouit India Movement

11. Which Committee was appointed by the British Government to investigate in Jallianwala Bagh massacre? Hunter Commission 12. Who was known as the Frontier Gandhi? - Khan Abdul Gaffar 13. Who was called the )ron Man of )ndia ? - Sardar Ballabhbhai Patel 14. The leader of Bardoli Satyagrah (1928) was - Sardar Ballabhbhai Patel 15. The author of Neel Darpan was - Dinbandhu Mitra

History Culture: ‐

Classical Dances of India: 1. Bharat Natyam - Tamil Nadu; 2. Bihu - Assam 3. Bhangra - Punjab; 4. Chhau - Bihar, Orissa, W. Bengal and Jharkhand; 5. Garhwali - Uttaranchal; 6. Garba - Gujarat; 7. Hattari - Karnataka; 8. Kathak - North India; 9. Kathakali - Kerala; 10. Kutchipudi - Andhra Pradesh;

11. Khantumm - Mizoram; 12. Karma - Madhya Pradesh; 13. Laho - Meghalaya; 14. Mohiniattam - Kerala; 15. Mando - Goa; 16. Manipuri - Manipur; 17. Nati - Himachal Pradesh; 18. Nat‐Natin - Bihar; 19. Odissi - Orissa; 20. Rauf - Jammu & Kashmir;

GEOGRAPHY IMPORTANT POINTS 1. The first person to use the word geography was Erastosthenes (276 - 194 BC) 2. The First presented the India on the world map Tolmie 3. 10 latitude give the seperatio of - 111 kms 4. 10 Longitude is equal to - 4” (minutes) 5. The Closest capital to tropic cancer - Ranchi 6. 3 capitals are above to Tropic of Cancer - Jaipur, Aizwol, Agarthala 7. The atmosphere layer which reflects radio - waves is known as ‐ Lonosphere 8. Which State is known as the name of Black Water? ‐ Andaman and Nicobar 9. Which latitude divides India into two parts? - 23 ½ 0 10. The largest delta in the world is - The delta of Ganga 11. The type of climate in India is - Monsoon 12. Most of the iron in India is found in - Dharwar Rocks 13. Ozone layer is found in - Stratosphere 14. Ring of fire refers to - Circum - Pacific Seismic belt 15. Willy - Willy is the tropical cyclone occurring in - Coast of North - west Australia

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16. On which river, the Baglihar (ydro‐ powr project is located? - Chenab 17. The term Rugur refers to - Black cotton Soil 18. Which two peninsular rivers flow through troughs? Narmad and Tapi 19. How much area does India cover of the total geographical area of the world? - 2.42 % 20. The length of the Indian coastline is 7516.6 km Some Important Boundary Lines Durand Between Pakistan Line and Afghanistan Hinderberg Between line and Poland 49 th Between USA and Parallel Canada Mac Mohan Between India and Line Tibet / China Maginot Between and Line 38th Between North and Parallel South Korea Oder Between Neisse Line and Poland Radcliffe Between India and

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Pakistan

17th Parallel

Between Inda and Pakistan (as claimed by Pakistan)

Important National Park in India 1. Kaziranga National Park ‐ Golaghat/Nagaon Assam 2. Manas Tiger Sanctuary - Barpeta (Assam) 3. Keoladeo National Park ‐ Bharatpur Rajasthan 4. Sundarbans Tiger Sanctuary ‐ Paraganas West Bengal)

5. Bandhavgarh National Park ‐ Shahdol Madhya Pradesh) 6. Kanha National Park ‐ Mandla Madhya Pradesh 7. Dudwa National Park ‐ Lakhimpur Kheri (Uttar Pradesh) 8. Chandraprabha Sanctuary ‐ Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 9. Corbett National Park ‐ Nainital Uttarakhand 10. Rajaji National Park ‐ Dehradun, Uttarakhand 11. Dachigam National Park ‐ Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir) 12. Ranthambore Tiger Sanctuary ‐ Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan) 13. Ghatprabha Bird Sanctuary ‐ Belgaum Karnataka 14. Bandipur National Park - Mysore (Karnataka) 15. Gir National Park ‐ Junagarh Gujarat 16. Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary ‐ Ahmedabad Gujarat 17. Hazaribagh National Park ‐ (azaribagh Jharkhand 18. Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary ‐ Nellore Andhra Pradesh 19. Mudumalai Sanctuary ‐ Nilgiris Tamilnadu 20. Periyar Sanctuary ‐ )dduki Kerala 21. Simlipal Tiger Sanctuary ‐ Mayurbhanj Odisha 22. Gahirmatha Turtle Sanctuary ‐ Kendrapara Odisha 23. Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary ‐ Bhagalpur (Bihar) 24. Silent Valley National Park ‐ Palakkad, Kerala 25. Rani Jhansi Marine National Park ‐ Andaman & Nicobar Island 26. Campbell National Park ‐ Andaman & Nicobar )slands 27. Galathea National Park ‐ Andaman & Nicobar )sland 28. Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park ‐ Andaman & Nicobar Largest Producers of crops in India

1. The largest producer of wheat in India ‐Uttar Pradesh 2. The largest producer of sugarcane in India ‐Uttar Pradesh 3. The largest producer of groundnut in India ‐Gujarat 4. The largest producer of tea in India ‐ Assam 5. The largest producer of coffee in India ‐Karnataka 6. The largest producer of jute in India ‐West Bengal

7. The largest producer of tobacco in )ndia ‐Andhra Pradesh 8. The largest producer of bananas in India ‐Tamilnadu 9. The largest producer of onion in India ‐Maharashtra 10. The largest producer of black pepper in India ‐Kerala

INDIAN POLITY IMPORTANT POINTS

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1. The Constitution of India was adopted on - 26th November 1949 2. The Constituent Assembly of India started functioning from :‐ 9th December , 1946 3. The Constituent Assembly took time to frame the Constitution of India - 2 years 11 months 18 days 4. The concept of written constitution, first born was - USA 5. The constitution of India is - Partly rigid, partly flexible 6. The word Secularism was inserted in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution by - 42nd Amendment 7. The Preamble to the constitution declares India as - A sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic 8. The item Education belongs to the - Concurrent List 9. How many languages have recongnised by the Constitution? - 22 10. The number of Union Territories in India is - 7 11. Part of the )ndian Constitution deals with Fundamental Rights‐ Part III 12. Constitutional Amendment deleted the Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights - 44th Amendment 13. Articles of Indian Constitution guarantees freedom to press - Article 19 14. In year Fundamental Duties of citizens were introduced by 42nd Amendment - 1976 15. Rashtrapati Bhawan was designed by ‐ Edwin Lutyens 16. A Presidential Ordinance can remain in force - For six months 17. In Article of the Constitution of India can be the President of India be impeached - Article 61 18. In India, the President is elected by - Single Transferable Vote 19. The first woman to become the Prime Minister of a country - Sirimavo Bhandharnaike 20. The Father of )ndian economic reform ‐ Manmohan Singh Revolutions These revolutions aim at the increased production in the respective sector. What are they? REVOLUTIONS RELATED Pink Revolution Onion, Prawns Yellow Revolution Oil seeds, (mustard,

Brown Revolution Silver Revolution Golden Revolution Black Revolution Red Revolution Round Revolution Grey Revolution

Sunflower etc.) Leather Egg (Poultry) Honey, Apiculture, Horticulture Petroleum Tomato, Meat Potato Fertilizer

Basic Science 1. Pyrometer is used for measuring higher temperature. 2. When ice melts in a glass of water, the level of water in glass remains the same. 3. If a ship enters into sea from the lake the level of the ship rises. 4. S.I unit of heat is joule, in C.G.S system it is calorie. 5. (ope s experiment proves the density of water is maximum at 4 degree Celsius. 6. The S.I unit of temperature is Kelvin. 7. Thermostat used to maintain a constant temperature. 8. Absolute zero: ‐ degree Celsius. 9. Absolute zero: ‐ degree Fahrenheit 10. At ‐ degree, the Fahrenheit and Centigrade scales are equal.

Vitamin‐ Chemical Name ‐ Deficiency disease 1. A‐ Retinol‐ Night blindness 2. B ‐ Thiamine‐ Beri‐Beri 3. B ‐ Riboflavin‐ Cheilosis 4. B ‐ Niacin‐ Pellagra 5. B ‐ Pyridoxine‐ Convulsions in child 6. B ‐ Cynacobalamin‐ Pernicious anemia 7. C‐ Ascorbic Acid‐ Scurvy 8. D‐ Calciferol‐ Rickets 9. E‐ Tocopherol‐ Sterility 10. K‐ Phylloquinone‐ (emophilia

Special GK ‐ (uman Body 1. Who invented Electro Cardio Gram (ECG) ? ‐ Wilhelm Eithovan 2. What is the pH value of blood? ‐ . 3. What present in blood helps in the transportation of oxygen? ‐ (emoglobin 4. What carries hormones to different parts of body? ‐ blood

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5. Which disease is also known as 'Christmas Disease'? ‐ Hemophilia 6. Which blood group is known as 'Universal Donor'? ‐ O group 7. Which blood group is 'Universal recipient'? ‐ AB group

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8. Which is the only vein in the human body that carries pure blood? ‐ Pulmonary vein 9. Which is the largest gland of human body? - Liver 10. What is the average period of human pregnancy? ‐ ‐ 38 weeks

MISSLANEOUS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Eutrophication is associated with ‐ Nitrates and Phosphates 2. Dry ice is the condense form of ‐ carbon dioxide 3. A reduction reaction involves ‐addition of nitrogen

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4. An antiknock for petrol is Lead tetraethyl 5. The systems of government is bi‐centralism an essential feature is ‐ Federal system 6. Monopolist resorts to price discrimination depending upon the ‐ Elasticity of demand 7. Economic planning is an essential feature of ‐ Socialist economy 8. The Central Drug Reasearch Institute of India is located at ‐ Lucknow 9. The cereals was among the first to be used by man ‐ Wheat 10. If a resistive wire is elongated, its resistance ‐ increases 11. The sweet taste of fruits is due to ‐ Fructose 12. The three - tier Panchayat Raj system in India was proposed by the - Balwant Rai Mehta Committee 13. Under the Article of the Constitution is the President s Rule introduced in a State due to the failure of the constitutional machinery ‐ Article 14. Brown Revolution is ‐ Growth of food procession and soft drinks industries in India 15. Golden Revolution refers to ‐ ‐ (orticulture 16. Rusting of iron requires ‐ oxygen and water 17. The Break - Even point is ‐ Total revenue equals total cost

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18. The method of Impeachment of the President of India is adopted from ‐ U.S.A 19. Generally, the soil of the northern plans of India has been formed by ‐ Aggradation 20. Hiuen Tsang visited India during the reign of ‐ (arshavardhana 21. The communal electorate was introduced for the first ti me in India in ‐ 9 9 22. Sea breeze is formed during - Day time 23. A geostationary satellite revolves round the earth from ‐ West to East 24. Cement is formed by strongly heating a mixture of ‐ Limestone and clay 25. Glass is a ‐ Supercooled liquid 26. Lambert s law is related to ‐ Illumination 27. The Drafting of the Constitution was completed on ‐ th January, 1950 28. The judges of the Supreme Court retire at the age of : ‐ years 29. The call of Back to the Vedas was given by: ‐ Swami Dayanand Saraswati 30. Red data book gives information about species are : ‐ Endangered 31. The time period of a pendulum when taken to the Moon would : ‐ )ncrease 32. White lung disease is prevalent among the workers of : ‐ Pesticide industry 33. An artificial ecosystem is represented by ‐ Aquarium 34. The optimum dissolved oxygen level (in mg/ litre) required for survival of aquatic organisms is :‐4 - 6 35. The System of Dyarchy was introduced in India in ‐ 9 9 36. The minerals is found in Monazite sand is ‐ Thorium 37. Which plant is called (erbal )ndian Doctor? ‐ Amla 38. The pH of Human blood is 7.4 39. Optical fibres are based on the phenomenon of ‐ Total Internal Reflection 40. Mirage is an example of

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‐Refraction and total internal reflection of light 41. The element which is used for vulcanizing rubber ‐ Sulphur 42. For the election of President of India, a citizen should have completed the age of ‐ years 43. A member of Parliament will lose his hip of Parliament if he is continuously absent from Sessions for ‐ days 44. Which was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the (eart and Soul of the Constitution? ‐ Right to Constitutional Remedies

57. The ecological hot spot of )ndia is - Western Ghats 58. The term Micro Economics and Macro Economics were coined by ‐ J.M. Keynes 59. Tetra ethyle lead (TEL) is - An antioxidant 60. A Presidential Ordinance can remain in force ‐ For six months

45. An individual s actual standard of living can be assessed by ‐ Disposable Personal )ncome 46. Fa - hien visited India during the reign of ‐ Chandragupta )) 47. The land - locked sea is - Aral Sea 48. Hydrogen bomb is based on the principle of ‐Uncontrolled fusion reaction 49. Tropospher is the hottest part of the atmosphere because ‐ )t is heated by the Earth’s surface 50. The outermost layer of the Sun is called ‐ Corona 51. The tissue in man where no cell division occurs after birth is ‐ Nerves 52. The warm - blooded animals are ‐ Whales 53. Syrinx is the voice box in ‐ Birds 54. The largest ecosystem of the Earth is - Biome 55. Which type of glass is used for making glass reinforced plastic ‐ Fibre glass 56. Who coined the word Geography ? ‐ Eratosthenese

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