Values And Virtues 4h1n1i

Values and Virtues

Introduction • Ethics class always include discussion on values and virtues • Values are intimately related to us because they propel our drive to mind meaning in our existence

Definition of Values According to Professor E. Babor in his book The Philosophical Discipline of Action (1999) • Values are the objects of human desire and striving. They are also the subjective assessment of a particular object insofar as it is good • Values are our beliefs, those beliefs which we hold to be true and therefore values affect our thoughts, decisions and actions

Definition of Values • Values also refer to things, persons, ideas, or goals which are important to life • Values therefore are those which we like, approve, enjoy and respect • a person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life.

Classification of Values 1. Intrinsic and Instrumental values -intrinsic values are those which are considered as values in themselves Ex. Knowledge; happiness; ideals; friendship -instrumental values are valued because they lead to something else that is valued for its own sake Ex. Money *Can one be considered both intrinsic and instrumental values?

Classification of Values 2. Accidental and Natural Values -accidental values are subject to variability, temporality and impermanence -natural values are those are permanent in human nature

Classification of Values 3. Primary and Secondary Values -primary values refers to values that are chosen, acted upon and necessary for human development -secondary values refers to those values that are obligatory in nature (ex. Values in the family are necessary to children)

Classification of Values 4. Religious Values -these values enable us to encounter God whom we believe to be the absolute good 5. Cultural Values -these values embrace poetry, painting, music, architecture, and literature

Classification of Values 6. Social Values -some examples are patriotism, freedom of the press, fraternity, economic productivity and politics 7. Moral Values -refer to those qualities of an act performed by man freely and knowingly -this entails that moral values are involved in our freedom to choose an action that we would life to perform

Virtues -are good habits while vices are bad habits -are those habits that can make a person perform well

CLASSIFICATIONS: 1. Intellectual virtues- include understanding, science, wisdom, prudence, and art 2. Moral and cardinal virtues- include justice, temperance, and fortitude 3. Theological values- include faith, hope, charity

Values and Virtues