The Ecological Triangle 5d83c

1 of 32 The Ecological Triangle by Ian Beardsley © 2016





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The Ecology Triangle: 1. Air 2. Soil 3. Plants 1. Convection is heat transfer by mass motion of a fluid such as air or water when the heated fluid is caused to move away from the source of heat, carrying energy with it. Convection above a hot surface occurs because hot air expands, becomes less dense, and rises (see Ideal Gas Law). (Google) 2. The physiological definition of respiration should not be confused with the biochemical definition of respiration, which refers to cellular respiration: the metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy by reacting oxygen with glucose to give water, carbon dioxide and 38ATP (energy). (Google) 3. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation). (Google)

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1. An ideal gas can be characterized by three state variables: absolute pressure (P), volume (V), and absolute temperature (T). The relationship between them may be deduced from kinetic theory and is called the. n = number of moles. R = universal gas constant = 8.3145 J/mol K. N = number of molecules. (Google) The ideal gas law is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation to the behavior of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. It was first stated by Émile Clapeyron in 1834 as a combination of Boyle's law, Charles' law and Avogadro's Law.[1] The ideal gas law is often written as: where: P is the pressure of the gas V is the volume of the gas n is the amount of substance of gas (also known as number of moles) R is the ideal, or universal, gas constant, equal to the product of the Boltzmann constant and the Avogadro constant. T is the temperature of the gas It can also be derived microscopically from kinetic theory, as was achieved (apparently independently) by August Krönig in 1856[2] and Rudolf Clausius in 1857.[3] (Wikipedia)

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2. Soil respiration refers to the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms respire. This includes respiration of plant roots, the rhizosphere, microbes and fauna. Soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of CO2. CO2 is acquired from the atmosphere and converted into organic compounds in the process of photosynthesis. Plants use these organic compounds to build structural components or respire them to release energy. When plant respiration occurs below-ground in the roots, it adds to soil respiration. Over time, plant structural components are consumed by heterotrophs. This heterotrophic consumption releases CO2 and when this CO2 is released by below-ground organisms, it is considered soil respiration. (Wikipedia)

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3. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation). This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, "light", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, "putting together".[1][2][3] In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.[4]

(Wikipedia) The general equation for photosynthesis as first proposed by Cornelius van Niel is therefore:[14] CO2 + 2H2A + photons → [ CH2O ] + 2A + H2O carbon dioxide + electron donor + light energy → carbohydrate + oxidized electron donor + water Since water is used as the electron donor in oxygenic photosynthesis, the equation for this process is: CO2 + 2H2O + photons → [CH2O] + O2 + H2O carbon dioxide + water + light energy → carbohydrate + oxygen + water This equation emphasizes that water is both a reactant in the lightdependent reaction and a product of the light-independent reaction, but canceling n water molecules from each side gives the net equation: CO2 + H2O + photons → [CH2O] + O2 carbon dioxide + water + light energy → carbohydrate + oxygen Other processes substitute other compounds (such as arsenite) for water in the electron-supply role; for example some microbes use sunlight to oxidize arsenite to arsenate:[15] The equation for this reaction is: CO2 + (AsO33−) + photons → (AsO43−) + CO[16] carbon dioxide + arsenite + light energy → arsenate + carbon monoxide (used to build other compounds in subsequent reactions)

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Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. In the first stage, light-dependent reactions or light reactions capture the energy of light and use it to make the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH. During the second stage, the light-independent reactions use these products to capture and reduce carbon dioxide. Most organisms that utilize photosynthesis to produce oxygen use visible light to do so, although at least three use shortwave infrared or, more specifically, far-red radiation.[17] Archaeobacteria use a simpler method using a pigment similar to the pigments used for vision. The archaearhodopsin changes its configuration in response to sunlight, acting as a proton pump. This produces a proton gradient more directly which is then converted to chemical energy. The process does not involve carbon dioxide fixation and does not release oxygen. It seems to have evolved separately.[18][19] (Wikipedia)

10 of 32 Then, Sitting In The Garage: Notices triangles in the cross beams and diagonals, and notices they are not 45-45-90. Asks if not, why? And, what dynamics does the triangles used, offer? Decided to measure them, and solve them:





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Solving The Triangle

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Triangle Solved




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19 of 32 From Synergetics by Buckminster Fuller: 610.12 If we want to have a structure, we have to have triangles. To have a structural system requires a minimum of four triangles. The tetrahedron is the simplest structure. To enclose an area we have to connect three points. But add a fourth point and we have enclosed space the simplest way possible with the tetrahedron, separating the Universe into an inside and outside with the fundamental unit, or quanta.


20 of 32 Now we turn our attention to the triangles in the stairs:





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25 of 32 Now we tackle the roof trusses. It is important to note that the architecture we have been studying is of a style called “Craftsman” typical to Southern California about 100 years ago. Wikipedia writes: The American Craftsman style, or the American Arts and Crafts movement, is an American domestic architectural, interior design, landscape design, applied arts, and decorative arts style and lifestyle philosophy that began in the last years of the 19th century. As a comprehensive design and art movement it remained popular into the 1930s. However, in decorative arts and architectural design it has continued with numerous revivals and restoration projects through present times.


26 of 32 Calculation of triangles in garage:


27 of 32 We discover a secret hidden in carpentry:


28 of 32 Some of the tools used in this study: scientific calculator, protractor, speed square:


29 of 32 Next we consider a stone fireplace (Craftsman as well). We note that the masons, who keep the secrets of stonework a secret as a secret society, that these stones are not arbitrarily placed. Notice the largest stone, which is the keystone that hold the arc together, is an inverted triangle. As well notice the stones on either side may be long, but are not wide. Is that not the way to make approximate a curve with straight lines: an inverted triangle with small stones on either side? It is, and is the approach that was used to develop the branch of mathematics known as calculus, that studies change and curves. Indeed calculus is ancient Greek for “pebble”, which is a small stone.

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Blue Lodge Freemasonry offers only three traditional degrees, and in most jurisdictions, the rank of past or installed master. Master Masons are also able to extend their Masonic experience by taking further degrees, in appendant bodies approved by their own Grand Lodge. !

(From Google)

Freemasonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. The degrees of freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason. These are the degrees offered by Craft (or Blue Lodge) Freemasonry. of these organisations are known as Freemasons or Masons. There are additional degrees, which vary with locality and jurisdiction, and are usually istered by different bodies than the craft degrees. (From Wikipedia)


31 of 32 The Author at the Masonic Lodge in his hometown:


32 of 32 The Author