Project 4r6q71

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL SHAMPOO POWDER

ELECTIVE PROJECT SUBMITTED TO PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, JALANDHAR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF PHARMACY

BY Ms. ANCHAL Uni. Roll No. 103352538881 UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF Mrs. NAVJOT KAUR

SWIFT SCHOOL OF PHARMACY RAJPURA, PATIALA APRIL 2014

INDEX

S.No. 1 1-2

Title

Page Number

INTRODUCTION ABOUT HERBAL SHAMPOO POWDER

2

METHODOLOGY MATERIAL AND METHOD

2-6 EVALUALTION 7-12 CONCLUSION 12-13

3

REFERENCES

13-14

INTRODUCTION Natural cosmetics are popular all over the world, as they convey the impression of having better purity, safety and efficacy. Many shampoos are available in the Indian market under the label of 'natural', 'herbal' , etc. However, these formulations are based on synthetic detergents and other chemical additives and contain herbal extracts added more for their marketing value than for their efficacy. The general feeling among consumers is that a good shampoo is one that foams very well. To cater to this consumer expectation, formulators may add excessive amounts of detergents in the shampoos.

Hairs are the integral part of human beauty. People are using herbs for cleaning, beautifying and managing hair since the ancient era. As the time has ed synthetic agents have taken a large share but today people are getting aware of their harmful effects on hairs, skin and eyes. These reasons attracted to community towards the herbal products, which are less expensive and have negligible side effects. Hair cleansers or shampoos are used not only for cleansing purpose but also for imparting gloss to hair and to maintain their manageability and oiliness for hairs. Shampoos are of various types, like powder shampoo, clear liquid shampoo liquid shampoo, lotion shampoo, solid gel shampoo, medicated shampoo, liquid herbal shampoo etc. As far as herbal shampoos are concerned in stability criteria. Depending upon the nature of the ingredients they may be simple or plain shampoo, antiseptic or antidandruff shampoo and nutritional shampoo containing vitamin, amino acids proteins hydrolysate2. Herbs are used since from the since the beginning of civilization to maintain health and treat disease. Various literatures provides lots of information on the folklore practices in different parts of country and traditional aspect of therapeutically important natural products and also their use in skin care and hair care. There is immense opportunity to use the photochemical ingredients in the hair care; even they are responsible to provide the nutrition to the body3. Herbs have long been associated with hair care and are often ingredients of conditioners, shampoos and rinses. The selection of active ingredients for hair care powder is often based on the ability of the ingredient to prevent damage to the skin as well as to improve the quality of the skin by way of cleansing, nourishing and protecting the skin, in the paper, we report the development and evaluation of polyherbal hair care powder.

2. MATERIAL AND METHODS 2.1 Procurement of material The different parts of the plants were selected for the study having hair care property, the plants are Amla fruit (Embelica officinalis), Hibiscus Leaf (Hibisucus rosea), Neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) Shikakai fruit(Acacia concinna), Aloe leaf (Aloe barbadensis), Henna Leaf (Lawsonia inermis), Brahmi root (Centella asiatica), Rithafruit (Sapindus mukorossi). Shampoo ingredients are optimized to cleanse scalp, moisturize scalp, prevent possible hair loss, prevent pre-mature grey hair, slightly restore natural black Indian hair color, promote thick hair grow. Modern studies have shown that Fenugreek seed promote hair growth, it is not a part of traditional Ayurveda claim. The powder of Amla fruit, Hibiscus Leaf, Neem leaf, Shikakai fruit, Aloe leaf, Henna Leaf, Ritha fruit were collected from the local market. The raw materials collected were given with their respective biological source and uses in

Table No 1.

Table No:1 Herbs used in the preparation of polyherbal shampoo powder:Sr.No

Constituents

Biological source/Family

Uses

Amla fruit

Dried ripe fruits of Embelica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae)

Darkening of hairs and Hair growth promoter

2

Hibiscus Leaf

Dired leaves of Hibisucus rosea (Malvaceae)

Prevents hiar loss and hair growth promoter.

3

Neem leaf

Dried leaves of Azadirachta indica (Miliaceae)

prevent the dryness of hairs and flaking of hairs

1

4

Shikakai fruit

Dried pods of Acacia concinna (Mimosaceae)

Foam base and anti-dandruff

5

Aloe vera leaf

Dried leaves of Aloe barbadensis miller (Asphodelaceae)

Conditioner and moisturizing effect

6

Henna Leaf

Dried leaves of Lawsonia inermis (Lythraceae)

Growth of hair, Conditioner

7

Brahmi root

Dried roots of Centlla asiatica (Apiaceae)

to growth of Hairs

8

Reetha fruit

Dried fruits of Sapindus mukorossi (Sapindaceae )

Detergent and antidandruff

2.2 Preparation of the herbal shampoo powder All the required powders for shampoo preparation were weighed individually, ed through sieve no.120 mesh and mixed in ascending order by weight with continuous trituration7. Total three batches of each preparation were prepared labeled and kept in closed container for further studies. The preparation formula for the PHS1, PHS2 and PHS 3 were given in Table No 2. Table no. 2 Formula for the Polyherbal shampoo powder

Sr.N o 1 2

Const ituent s Amla fruit

PHS1

Hibisc us Leaf

15

30

3

Neem leaf

10

4

Shika kai fruit Aloe leaf

10

6

Henn a Leaf

2

7

Brah mi root Reetha fruit

5

5

8

2

2.3 Evaluation of shampoo powder Organoleptic evaluation/visual appearance Organoleptic evaluation for parameters like colour, odour, taste and texture was carried out. Colour and texture was evaluated by vision and touch sensation respectively. For taste and odour evaluation a team of five taste and odour sensitive persons were selected 8,9. General powder characteristics 10,11, 12 General powder characteristics includes evaluation of those parameters which are going to affect the external properties (like flow properties, appearance, packaging criteria etc.) of the preparation, Characteristics evaluated under this section are particle size, angle of repose, bulk density and tapped density. All the three shampoo powders were taken at three different level i.e. from top, middle and lower level for the evaluation. Particle size is a parameter, which could affect various properties like spreadability, grittiness etc., particle size was determined by sieving method by using I.P. Standard sieves by mechanical shaking for 10 min. Angle of repose affects the flow properties of a powder. It was determined by fix glass funnel method, a distance of 2 cm is maintained between the graph paper and the bottom of a powder. Flowing was continued till the top of the heap touches the bottom tip of funnel. Bulk density is an important property for the packaging and uniformity in the bulk of product. Bulk density depends on particle size, particle size distribution and cohesiveness of particle. For measuring bulk density a weighted amount of powder was introduced in 100ml graduated cylinder. The cylinder is fixed on bulk density apparatus and bulk density was calculated. It is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). Tapped density The tapped density is an increased bulk density attained after

mechanically tapping a container containing the powder sample. After observing the initial powder volume or mass, the measuring cylinder or vessel is mechanically tapped for 1 min and volume or mass readings are taken until little further volume or mass change was observed. It was expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3).

Physicochemical evaluations 13, 14, 15 A. Extractive values Determination of Alcohol Soluble Extractive 5 g of the each air dried polyherbal shampoo powder was weighed and macerated with 100 ml of Alcohol of the specified strength in a closed flask for twenty-four hours, shaked frequently during six hours and allowed to stand for eighteen hours. Filtered, by taking precautions against loss of solvent, 25 ml of the filtrate was evaporated to dryness in a tare flat bottomed shallow dish, and dry at 1050C, to constant weight and weighed. The percentage of alcohol-soluble extractive with reference to the air-dried drug was calculated. Determination of Water Soluble Extractive Proceeded as directed for the determination of Alcohol-soluble extractive, using chloroform water instead of ethanol. The percentage of water-soluble extractive was calculated for each sample. B. Ash Value Determination of Total Ash 5 g of the each air dried polyherbal shampoo powder was weighed and taken in a tare silica crucible and incinerated in muffle furnace at the temperature not exceeding 4500C until free from carbon, cooled. Percentage of total ash was calculated. Determination of Acid Insoluble Ash Total ash obtained was boiled for 5 minutes with 25 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid and filtered the insoluble matter in a Gooch crucible, or on an ash less filter paper, washed with hot water and ignited to constant weight. The percentage of acid-insoluble ash was calculated for each sample. C. Moisture content determination 10 g of each polyherbal shampoo powder was weighed in a tare evaporating dish and kept in hot air oven at 1050C. Repeated the drying until the constant weight loss was observed after the interval of 30 minutes. The moisture content was calculated for each sample. D. Determination of pH The pH of 10% shampoo solution in distilled water was determined at room temperature 25°C. The pH was measured by using digital pH Meter. Cleaning action16 5 grams of wool yarn were placed in grease, after that it was placed in 200 ml. of water containing 1 gram of each polyherbal shampoo powder in a flask. Temperature of water was maintained at 350C. The flask was shaken for 4 minutes at the rate of 50 times a minute. The solution was removed and sample was taken out, dried and weighed. The amount of grease removed was calculated by using the following equation: DP= 100(1-T/C) In which, DP is the percentage of detergency power, C is the weight of grease in the control sample and T is the weight of grease in the test sample.

Foaming capacity17 Although foam generation has little to do with the cleansing ability of shampoos, it is of paramount importance to the consumer and is therefore an important criterion in evaluating shampoos. Cylinder shake method was used for determining foaming ability. 50ml of the 1% shampoo solution was put into a 250 ml graduated cylinder and covered the cylinder with hand and shaken for 10 times. The total volumes of the foam contents after 1 minute shaking were recorded. The foam volume was calculated only. Immediately after shaking the volume of foam at 1 minute intervals for 4 minutes was recorded for all the three shampoo powders.

Dirt dispersion18 Two drops of 1% each shampoo powders were added in a large test tube contain 10 ml of distilled water. 1 drop of India ink was added; the test tube was stoppered and shaken for 10 times. The amount of ink in the foam of was estimated as None, Light, Moderate, or Heavy Detergency ability 19 The Thompson method was used to evaluate the detergency ability of the samples. Briefly, a crumple of hair were washed with a 5% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) solution, then dried and divided into 3g weight groups. The samples were suspended in an n-hexane solution containing 10% artificial sebum and the mixture was shaken for 15 minutes at room temperature. Then samples were removed, the solvent was evaporated at room temperature and their sebum content determined. In the next step, each sample was divided into two equal parts, one washed with 0.1 ml of the 10% test shampoo and the other considered as the negative control. After drying, the resided sebum on samples was extracted with 20 ml n-hexane and re-weighed. Finally, the percentage of detergency power of all the three shampoo powder was calculated using the following equation: DP= 100(1-T/C) In which, DP is the percentage of detergency power, C is the weight of grease in the control sample and T is the weight of sebum in the test sample. Wetting time 20, 21 The canvas was cut into 1 inch diameter discs having an average weight of 0.44 g. The disc was floated on the surface of shampoo solution of 1% w/v and the stopwatch started. The time required for the disc to begin to sink was measured acutely and noted as the wetting time . Nature of hair after washes 22 Nature of hair after wash can be done by collecting the responses of volunteers. Stability Study 23, 24 Stability and acceptability of organoleptic properties (odor and color) of formulations during the storage period indicated that they are chemically and physically stable. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Organoleptic evaluation/visual appearance The result of visual inspection for all the polyherbal shampoo powders were observed and evaluated for color, odour, taste and in of their appearance, flow property and texture. They are somewhat shows distinct change in color. The results were reported in Table No 3. General powder characteristics General powder characteristics includes evaluation of those parameters which

are going to affect the external properties (like flow properties, appearance, packaging criteria etc.). The particle size, angle of repose, bulk density and tapped density results were determined .All the polyherbal shampoo powder shows the result in the specific limits for the respective evaluation parameter and were found nearly same as reported in Table No 3.

Evaluation of polyherbal shampoo powder

Sr.No 1.

2

Evaluation parameter Organoleptic evaluation

Gerneal Powder characters

PHS 1 Color Odour Taste Texture

pale cream slight pleasant characteristic fine smooth

Particle size

25-20

Angle of repose Bulk density

3 Physicochemic al evaluation

Alcohol soluble Water soluble Total ash Acid insoluble ash Moisture content

20.5

5/g/cc

pH

Cleaning action 4 5 6 7 8

Foaming capacity Dirt Dispersion Detergency ability Wetting time

Good foaming Moderate 65.12± 0.02 172±0.04

CONCLUSION Globalization is the need of today and the world market will open for all by 2005. The world market is also moving towards herbal medicines for health care, health foods and for cosmetic purposes including hair preparations. India is rich heritage for cultivation and production of herbal medicines due to its diversified climatic conditions. Indian traditional literature and ethanopharmacological studies present a number of plants/ formulations with proven efficacy for hair care preparations. Present investigations was carried out to formulate the herbal shampoo powder preparations based upon traditional knowledge and to develop few parameters for quality and purity of herbal powder shampoo. Although these studies are preliminary but presented evaluation parameter will be useful for the standardization of herbal shampoo powder. The formulated shampoos were evaluated for the organoleptic , general powder characteristics and physiochemical study, they are also evaluated for their different properties cleaning action, foaming capacity , dirt dispersion, wetting time and nature of hair after wash. From the given study it is concluded that all the three shampoo powders are good and having all properties that are expected, even though on the basis of wetting time, foam stability, Dirt dispersion, and cleaning action PHS 2 is more acceptable. Whereas the prepared shampoo powders are in dry powder form having no more change in stability after the long storage.

REFERENCES

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