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Unit test 1&2 Subject: Nursing Research Year 1-Semester III Session (2011-2013) SECTION –A (BCQS) Time Allowed: 2 hour
Maximum Marks: 47
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… NOTE: Read the statement carefully and then encircle the best answer. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… NOTE: Read the statement carefully and then encircle the best answer.
1. Mrs. Smith is writing her daily observations of a student and writes, without interpretation, that the student is not completing the class work and is constantly speaking out of turn. Which of the following objectives does she appear to be using? a. b. c. d.
prediction description explanation exploration
2. Which of the following is a form of research typically conducted by teachers, counselors, and other professionals to answer questions they have and to specifically help them solve local problems? a. action research b. basic research c. predictive research d. orientational research 3. How much confidence should you place in a single research study? a. you should completely trust a single research study. b. you should trust research findings after different researchers have found the same findings c. neither a nor b d. both a and b 4. The development of a solid foundation of reliable knowledge typically is built from which type of research? a. b. c. d.
basic research action research evaluation research orientational research
5. Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises? a. b. c. d.
rationalism deductive reasoning inductive reasoning probabilistic
6. The idea that when selecting between two different theories with equal explanatory value, one should select the theory that is the most simple, concise, and succinct is known as ____________. a. b. c. d.
criterion of falsifiability critical theory guide of simplicity rule of parsimony
7. Research that is done to examine the findings of someone else using the "same variables but different people" is which of the following? a. b. c. d.
exploration hypothesis replication empiricism
8. ________________ is the idea that knowledge comes from experience a. rationalism b. deductive reasoning c. logic d. empiricism 9. According to your text, what are the five key objectives of science? a. b. c. d.
prediction, summary, conclusion, explanation, description influence, prediction, questions, exploration, answers exploration, description, explanation, prediction, influence questions, answers, prediction, explanation, summary
10. A researcher designs an experiment to test how variables interact to influence how well children learn spelling words. In this case, the main purpose of the study was: a. b. c. d.
Explanation Description Influence Prediction
11. There is a set of churches in the U.S. where part of the service involves snake handling. The researcher wants to find out why the people attending these churches do this and how they feel and think about it. In this case, the primary purpose of the study is: a. b. c. d.
Exploration Description Influence Prediction
12. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good theory or explanation? a. b. c. d.
It is parsimonious It is testable It is general enough to apply to more than one place, situation, or person All of the above are characteristics of good theories
13. Which of the following is not a basic assumption of science? a. b. c. d.
Science cannot provide answers to all questions It is possible to distinguish between more and less plausible claims Researchers should follow certain agreed upon norms and practices Science is best at solving value conflicts, such as whether abortion is immoral
14. What general type of research is focused on collecting information to help a researcher advance an ideological or political position? a. b. c. d.
Evaluation research Basic research Action research Orientational research
15. Which “scientific method” follows these steps: 1) observation/data, 2) patterns, 3) theory? a. b. c. d.
Inductive Deductive Imductive Top down
16. Rene Descartes is associated with which of the following approached to knowledge generation? a. b. c. d.
Empiricism Rationalism Expert opinion None of the above
17. Which scientific method is a top-down or confirmatory approach?
a. b. c. d.
Deductive method Inductive method Hypothesis method Pattern method
18. Which scientific method is a bottom-up or generative approach to research? a. b. c. d.
Deductive method Inductive method Hypothesis method Pattern method
19. Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories? a. b. c. d.
Deductive method Inductive method Hypothesis method Pattern method
20. Which scientific method often focuses on generating new hypotheses and theories? a. b. c. d.
Deductive method Inductive method Hypothesis method Pattern method
21. Which of the following statements is true of a theory? a. b. c. d.
it most simply means “explanation” it answers the “how” and “why” questions it can be a well developed explanatory system all of the above are correct
Chapter 2 1. Which research paradigm is based on the pragmatic view of reality? a. b. c. d.
quantitative research qualitative research mixed research none of the above
2. Which research paradigm is least concerned about generalizing its findings? a. quantitative research b. qualitative research c. mixed research
d. none of the above 3. Which of the following best describes quantitative research? a. b. c. d.
the collection of nonnumerical data an attempt to confirm the researcher’s hypotheses research that is exploratory research that attempts to generate a new theory
4. A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called ___. a. b. c. d.
a constant a variable a cause-and-effect relationship a descriptive relationship
5. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n): a. b. c. d.
categorical variable dependent variable independent variable intervening variable
6. All of the following are common characteristics of experimental research except: a. b. c. d.
it relies primarily on the collection of numerical data it can produce important knowledge about cause and effect it uses the deductive scientific method it rarely is conducted in a controlled setting or environment
7. Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except: a. b. c. d.
it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest it relies on the collection of nonnumerical data such as words and pictures it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world it uses the inductive scientific method
8. Which type of research provides the strongest evidence about the existence of cause-and-effect relationships? a. nonexperimental Research b. experimental Research 9. What is the key defining characteristic of experimental research? a. extraneous variables are never present b. a positive correlation usually exists
c. a negative correlation usually exists d. manipulation of the independent variable 10. In _____, random assignment to groups is never possible and the researcher cannot manipulate the independent variable. a. b. c. d.
basic research quantitative research experimental research causal-comparative and correlational research
11. What is the defining characteristic of experimental research? a. b. c. d.
resistance to manipulation manipulation of the independent variable the use of open-ended questions focuses only on local problems
12.. A positive correlation is present when _______. a. b. c. d.
two variables move in opposite directions. two variables move in the same direction. one variable goes up and one goes down several variables never change.
13. Research in which the researcher uses the qualitative paradigm for one phase and the quantitative paradigm for another phase is known as ______. a. b. c. d. e.
action research basic research quantitative research mixed method research mixed model research
14. Research in which the researcher uses both qualitative and quantitative research within a stage or across two of the stages in the research process is known as ______. a. b. c. d. e.
action research basic research quantitative research mixed method research mixed model research
15.. Research that is done to understand an event from the past is known as _____? a. experimental research
b. historical research c. replication d. archival research 16. ______ research occurs when the researcher manipulates the independent variable. a. b. c. d.
causal-comparative research experimental research ethnography correlational research
17.. Which of the following includes examples of quantitative variables? a. b. c. d.
age, temperature, income, height grade point average, anxiety level, reading performance gender, religion, ethnic group both a and b
18. What is the opposite of a variable? a. b. c. d.
a constant an extraneous variable a dependent variable a data set
19. Which of the following is the type of non experimental research in which the primary independent variable of interest is categorical? a. b. c. d.
causal-comparative research experimental research qualitative research mixed research
20. Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable? a. b. c. d.
age annual income grade point average religion
21. In research, something that does not "vary" is called a ___________. a. b. c. d.
variable method constant control group
22. When interpreting a correlation coefficient expressing the relationship between two variables, it is very important to avoid _______. a. b. c. d.
checking the strength of relationship jumping to the conclusion of causality checking the direction of the relationship expressing a relationship with a correlation coefficient
23. A researcher studies achievement by children in poorly funded elementary schools. She develops a model that posits parent involvement as an important variable. She believes that parent involvement has an impact on children by increasing their motivation to do school work. Thus, in her model, greater parent involvement leads to higher student motivation, which in turn creates higher student achievement. Student motivation is what kind of variable in this study? a. b. c. d.
Manipulated variable Extraneous variable Confounding variable Mediating or intervening variable
24. The strongest evidence for causality comes from which of the following research methods? a. b. c. d.
Experimental Causal-comparative Correlational Ethnography
25. Which correlation is the strongest? a. b. c. d.
+.10 -.95 +.90 -1.00
26. The correlation between intelligence test scores and grades is: a. b. c. a.
Positive Negative Perfect They are not correlated
Maximum Marks: 47
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… NOTE: Read the statement carefully and then encircle the best answer. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… NOTE: Read the statement carefully and then encircle the best answer.
1. Mrs. Smith is writing her daily observations of a student and writes, without interpretation, that the student is not completing the class work and is constantly speaking out of turn. Which of the following objectives does she appear to be using? a. b. c. d.
prediction description explanation exploration
2. Which of the following is a form of research typically conducted by teachers, counselors, and other professionals to answer questions they have and to specifically help them solve local problems? a. action research b. basic research c. predictive research d. orientational research 3. How much confidence should you place in a single research study? a. you should completely trust a single research study. b. you should trust research findings after different researchers have found the same findings c. neither a nor b d. both a and b 4. The development of a solid foundation of reliable knowledge typically is built from which type of research? a. b. c. d.
basic research action research evaluation research orientational research
5. Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises? a. b. c. d.
rationalism deductive reasoning inductive reasoning probabilistic
6. The idea that when selecting between two different theories with equal explanatory value, one should select the theory that is the most simple, concise, and succinct is known as ____________. a. b. c. d.
criterion of falsifiability critical theory guide of simplicity rule of parsimony
7. Research that is done to examine the findings of someone else using the "same variables but different people" is which of the following? a. b. c. d.
exploration hypothesis replication empiricism
8. ________________ is the idea that knowledge comes from experience a. rationalism b. deductive reasoning c. logic d. empiricism 9. According to your text, what are the five key objectives of science? a. b. c. d.
prediction, summary, conclusion, explanation, description influence, prediction, questions, exploration, answers exploration, description, explanation, prediction, influence questions, answers, prediction, explanation, summary
10. A researcher designs an experiment to test how variables interact to influence how well children learn spelling words. In this case, the main purpose of the study was: a. b. c. d.
Explanation Description Influence Prediction
11. There is a set of churches in the U.S. where part of the service involves snake handling. The researcher wants to find out why the people attending these churches do this and how they feel and think about it. In this case, the primary purpose of the study is: a. b. c. d.
Exploration Description Influence Prediction
12. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good theory or explanation? a. b. c. d.
It is parsimonious It is testable It is general enough to apply to more than one place, situation, or person All of the above are characteristics of good theories
13. Which of the following is not a basic assumption of science? a. b. c. d.
Science cannot provide answers to all questions It is possible to distinguish between more and less plausible claims Researchers should follow certain agreed upon norms and practices Science is best at solving value conflicts, such as whether abortion is immoral
14. What general type of research is focused on collecting information to help a researcher advance an ideological or political position? a. b. c. d.
Evaluation research Basic research Action research Orientational research
15. Which “scientific method” follows these steps: 1) observation/data, 2) patterns, 3) theory? a. b. c. d.
Inductive Deductive Imductive Top down
16. Rene Descartes is associated with which of the following approached to knowledge generation? a. b. c. d.
Empiricism Rationalism Expert opinion None of the above
17. Which scientific method is a top-down or confirmatory approach?
a. b. c. d.
Deductive method Inductive method Hypothesis method Pattern method
18. Which scientific method is a bottom-up or generative approach to research? a. b. c. d.
Deductive method Inductive method Hypothesis method Pattern method
19. Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories? a. b. c. d.
Deductive method Inductive method Hypothesis method Pattern method
20. Which scientific method often focuses on generating new hypotheses and theories? a. b. c. d.
Deductive method Inductive method Hypothesis method Pattern method
21. Which of the following statements is true of a theory? a. b. c. d.
it most simply means “explanation” it answers the “how” and “why” questions it can be a well developed explanatory system all of the above are correct
Chapter 2 1. Which research paradigm is based on the pragmatic view of reality? a. b. c. d.
quantitative research qualitative research mixed research none of the above
2. Which research paradigm is least concerned about generalizing its findings? a. quantitative research b. qualitative research c. mixed research
d. none of the above 3. Which of the following best describes quantitative research? a. b. c. d.
the collection of nonnumerical data an attempt to confirm the researcher’s hypotheses research that is exploratory research that attempts to generate a new theory
4. A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called ___. a. b. c. d.
a constant a variable a cause-and-effect relationship a descriptive relationship
5. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n): a. b. c. d.
categorical variable dependent variable independent variable intervening variable
6. All of the following are common characteristics of experimental research except: a. b. c. d.
it relies primarily on the collection of numerical data it can produce important knowledge about cause and effect it uses the deductive scientific method it rarely is conducted in a controlled setting or environment
7. Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except: a. b. c. d.
it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest it relies on the collection of nonnumerical data such as words and pictures it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world it uses the inductive scientific method
8. Which type of research provides the strongest evidence about the existence of cause-and-effect relationships? a. nonexperimental Research b. experimental Research 9. What is the key defining characteristic of experimental research? a. extraneous variables are never present b. a positive correlation usually exists
c. a negative correlation usually exists d. manipulation of the independent variable 10. In _____, random assignment to groups is never possible and the researcher cannot manipulate the independent variable. a. b. c. d.
basic research quantitative research experimental research causal-comparative and correlational research
11. What is the defining characteristic of experimental research? a. b. c. d.
resistance to manipulation manipulation of the independent variable the use of open-ended questions focuses only on local problems
12.. A positive correlation is present when _______. a. b. c. d.
two variables move in opposite directions. two variables move in the same direction. one variable goes up and one goes down several variables never change.
13. Research in which the researcher uses the qualitative paradigm for one phase and the quantitative paradigm for another phase is known as ______. a. b. c. d. e.
action research basic research quantitative research mixed method research mixed model research
14. Research in which the researcher uses both qualitative and quantitative research within a stage or across two of the stages in the research process is known as ______. a. b. c. d. e.
action research basic research quantitative research mixed method research mixed model research
15.. Research that is done to understand an event from the past is known as _____? a. experimental research
b. historical research c. replication d. archival research 16. ______ research occurs when the researcher manipulates the independent variable. a. b. c. d.
causal-comparative research experimental research ethnography correlational research
17.. Which of the following includes examples of quantitative variables? a. b. c. d.
age, temperature, income, height grade point average, anxiety level, reading performance gender, religion, ethnic group both a and b
18. What is the opposite of a variable? a. b. c. d.
a constant an extraneous variable a dependent variable a data set
19. Which of the following is the type of non experimental research in which the primary independent variable of interest is categorical? a. b. c. d.
causal-comparative research experimental research qualitative research mixed research
20. Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable? a. b. c. d.
age annual income grade point average religion
21. In research, something that does not "vary" is called a ___________. a. b. c. d.
variable method constant control group
22. When interpreting a correlation coefficient expressing the relationship between two variables, it is very important to avoid _______. a. b. c. d.
checking the strength of relationship jumping to the conclusion of causality checking the direction of the relationship expressing a relationship with a correlation coefficient
23. A researcher studies achievement by children in poorly funded elementary schools. She develops a model that posits parent involvement as an important variable. She believes that parent involvement has an impact on children by increasing their motivation to do school work. Thus, in her model, greater parent involvement leads to higher student motivation, which in turn creates higher student achievement. Student motivation is what kind of variable in this study? a. b. c. d.
Manipulated variable Extraneous variable Confounding variable Mediating or intervening variable
24. The strongest evidence for causality comes from which of the following research methods? a. b. c. d.
Experimental Causal-comparative Correlational Ethnography
25. Which correlation is the strongest? a. b. c. d.
+.10 -.95 +.90 -1.00
26. The correlation between intelligence test scores and grades is: a. b. c. a.
Positive Negative Perfect They are not correlated
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