(folk Arts In Visayas) 4y5p2y

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Panay was named by Miguel Lopez De Legazpi, after experiencing food scarcity in Cebu. Panay: “there is food” in Spanish. The code of Kalantiaw , the epic of Hinilawod , the legend of ten Bornean datus in the epic of Maragtas.

Panay 

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Is composed of the provinces of Iloilo, Antique, Aklan, Capiz, and the island of Guimaras. Ten Bornean datus who fled from the despotic rule of Sultan Makatunaw. -That the first inhabitants are the Ati headed by Chief Marikudo. In the barrier of Aninipay, Marikudo sold the island of Panay to the ten Bornean datus for a piece of golden salakot. The barrier is celebrated in the Festival of Ati-atihan in Kalibo, Aklan ; Dinagyang in Iloilo, and Binarayan in Antique. Showcase: products, artistry, creativity and craftsmanship.

Cloth weaving in Aklan and Oton, Iloilo

Arts and Crafts  

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Weaving is the primary form of arts and crafts. Iloilo- weaving Patadyong; is a wrap around piece of cloth worn by women. Colorful and features linear and geometric designs. Hand weaving of patadyong and hablon is in Miag-ao, Iloilo. It is used w/ handlooms. Paghahabol (weaving in Badiangan) Jusi and Pinya (from indigenous

textile) popular at the 19th century. Introduce by the cheap cotton cloth from the west, dominated by the local textile. Combined w/ farming by weeding the fields and feeding animals.  Iloilo w/ weaving communities. (Arevalo, Jaro, Molo)  Aklan weaving, extraction of fibers from pineapple leaves. (2 months to prepare)  Process: snap the short leaves – remove the thoruy sides and scraped w/ a broken china plate and pummeled by hand to reveal the 1st set of fibers(bastos). Scraped w/ coconut shell to get the finer linawan fibers. When about thousand leaves is scraped – washed – partially sundried – wrung – beaten by a bamboo stick to separate the fibers – fine fibers are line-dried using a hair-comb – tied on both ends – cut by a bamboo stick – coiled in a clay pot w/ sands.

Arts and Crafts 

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Negros Island   

Buglas, old name of Negros Highest peak is Mt. Kanlaon. Island of so many Festivals; Maskara Festival.

Weaving; roofing materials, walls, hats and baskets using pandan and buri leaves. Pinya weaving in Bacolod, materials are imported to Aklan. Sinamay weaving in Valencia, Negros Occidental. Sinamay is made from abaca (Musa textiles) twine indigenous plant similar to banana.

Pinya Barong

Sinamay

Bamboo wali material

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In Aklan weaving; Baskets, trays, mats is popular. They used pandan and bariw to make their products. Pagrarara (banig or mat weaving.) Preparation to make a mat; gathering of bariw leaves using sangget - remove the thorny sides of leaves by bukog - tie the leaves together - sundry for two to three days. When the bariw are already deep brown - pound in a process of palpag – until the leaves become soft – tie into bundles – pounded again before stripping them into a simple machine w/ blades called balbalan. The strips are then arranged to make a kiyapis that will serve as a framework for a mat called taytay before pagpapara will take place. Then the weaver can start the process of pagrarara. Kapis shell, craft in Panay particularly in Aklan and Iloilo. Used for; lamps, decors, trays, souvenir items.

Patadyong cloth

Capiz shell

Lotus candle holder made from Capiz shell

ARTS and CRAFTS 

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Cebu 

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Oldest settlement established by Spaniards, and second most important metropolitan center of the Philippines. A.K.A. Queen City of the South, City of Fashion and Designs, ASEAN City of Culture/ASEAN Cultural City. Popular in many crafts leading exporter of world-class furniture in Southeast Asia. Dubbed as Milan of Asia.

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Vito Selma, Debbic Palao, Kenneth Cobonpue, popular in the field of arts and crafts. Coconut shells, shells, bariw, rattan, capiz and wood, materials used by Cebu artists. Fashion jewelries made of woods, stones, and metals are among the highly priced products. Guitars from Cebu are also popular.

Furniture design by Vito Selma made from rattan and other materials

Guitars in Cebu

other containers.  A delicacy known as pu-so or bodbod their weaving in Culinary arts.  Pu-so, made from glutinous rice wrapped in a carefully woven young coconut leaves or talbos. This weaving practice is also in; plain rice, puto, bibingka, and molido.

Samar, Leyte and Biliran 

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The of Samar and Leyte speak Cebuano, Waray-waray and other languages; English and Filipino are widely understood. Kasadyaan Festival City; colors, beauty and artistry.

Pu-so

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Samar is known for it‟s hand woven banig that are made from tikog leaves. Tikog; waray term for bariw or romblon. There are two process in making banig; lara and burda. They also make baskets, bags, and

An old man weaving a basket

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Bohol and Siquijor 

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Is known for its beautiful sceneries, exotic foods, rare animals; malmag or tarsier considered to be the smallest primate, old churches, and basketry. Chocolate hills, Legend tells that this hills are from the tears of grief giant when his love has been turned down by an ordinary women in the area. Green during spring but chocolate mounds by summer. Siquijor; famous for its beaches and diving spots.

The municipality of Tubigon is known to be the loom weaving center of the province.

Old Spanish Church in Bohol

Tarsier

Chocolate Hills

Arts and Crafts 

Basketry is in Antequera, most of the weavers are women. They sold this baskets in Cebu, Manila and Tagbilaran City.

Weaving pattern; basket (diamond and flower motif)

Mindoro 

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Principal language of Mindoro is Tagalog, it has been also influenced by the native Visayan and Mangyan languages. It has been called Mai or Mait by Chinese traders, by Spaniards as Mina De Oro (“Mine of gold”). Hanunó‟o. language spoken by Mangyans. Also home to the Tamaraw or Mindoro dwarf buffalo (Bubalus mindorensis).

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Division: The island was once a single province from 1920 – 1950. On June 13,1950, by virtue of Republic Act no. 505, Mindoro was divided into:

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Oriental Mindoro

Calapan City – the only City in the island; provincial capital.  Rice Granary and Fruit Basket of Southern Tagalog.  Banana King and Calamansi King of the region. 

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“Home of Indigenous Mangyans” Its capital is Mamburao and Occupies the western half of the island of Mindoro.

Mangyan Culture 

Mangyan cultural practices are in danger of vanishing because of the influence of modern lowland culture. The literature of the different Mangyan groups are sort documentation; thus, mainstream society lacks awareness of the beauty of Mangyan culture and its relevance to Filipino culture as a whole.

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Damuong – the non-Mangyan groups. Hanunuo – they considered themselves as real, true or genuine Mangyan. Urukoy – words of wisdom chanted on festive occasion by elders of the tribe. Luka – bamboo tube wherein the ambahan is carved out.

 Tau-buid

Mangyan traditional house

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Mangyan People

the Philippines, of the projected population of 94 million in 2010, about 15% belong to indigenous groups.  Mangyan is the collective name for the eight indigenous groups living on Mindoro, each with its own name, language, and set of customs:

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Mangyan Groups 

There are around 300 million indigenous peoples in the world. In

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Iraya Alangan Tadyawan Tau-buid Bangon Buhid Hanunuo Ratagnon

The Mangyan of Southern Mindoro, Philippines, are still practicing a pre-Spanish syllabic writing system that was in general use all over the Philippines at the arrival of the Spaniards in the 16th century. The Mangyan script, together with the Northern-Buhid in Mindoro and the Palawan scripts have been declared by the National Museum as National Cultural Treasure on December 9, 1997.

Characteristics of Ambahan 

The ambahan is the traditional poetry of the Hanunuo Mangyans of Oriental Mindoro. It is usually written on bamboo in the Surat Mangyan, a centuries-old preSpanish script. The syllabic script and the ambahan poetry have complemented each other, contributing to their continued existence today.

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It is a rhythmic poetic expression with a meter of seven syllabic lines. Each line rhymed at the end. It is most often presented as a chant without a determined musical pitch or accompaniment by musical instruments. An expression in a riddle-like form or in allegorical manner. Varied in length and complexity; for children it is short and simple, for adult it is lengthier and complicated. Preserved by way of inscribing them on bamboo tubes. Song contented were wide range based on daily life events.

Amang father

bansay

Inang

suyong

mother

Danom

kagnan

water

Balay

labag

house

Niyog

bu-anay

coconut

Bagaw

duyan talk

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Iyaya – lullaby

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Ayung or Ngayung – ritual chant

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Igway – Mangyan province music

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Marayaw – spirit song

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Pamuybuyen – (legend) – it means fear of water

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Bangsi – is an external duct flute, which has chip glued on to tube of the flute. Gitgit – a three-stringed indigenous violin with human hair for strings. Lantoy – is a nose flute. Batiwtiw – a bamboo instrument from Mindoro about 40 cm long, played by striking the split end of a bamboo against the left palm. Kinaban or Subing – a bamboo jaw‟s harp. The jaw harp is a slim bamboo instrument approximately of ball-pen size, of different shapes and lengths varying from 10 cm to 40 cm. Kudlong or Kutiyapi – is a twostringed lute shaped like a boat. It has wooden tightening rods and frets made of beeswax.

Kudlung – a parallel of two-stringed bamboo tube zither where the bamboo strings were stretched out of the tube itself.  Kalutang – consists of two pieces of wood graduated in sizes to produce different notes ranges.  Buray-Dipay – a bean-pod rattle used with the kalutang instrument.  Agung – ensemble consisting of two light gongs played by two men squatting on the floor. One plays the gong‟s rim with padded sticks. 

Marayaw as a genre of IrayaMangyan songs used to communicate with spirits in rituals for healing the sick or protecting the community.

The “Maranaw” was once seen by the Iraya as a symbol of power or one‟s ability to cope with the hazards of everyday life as well as a way where one gains control over events for his own advantage.

Music for the Hanunuo is a part of celebrating ordinary and festive occasions; Accompanying themselves with their instruments as they recite their love poems. During the wedding rituals, song are sung, musical instruments are played, food is eaten and wine is drunk. The songs of Mangyan are lullabies, recollection of war exploits in distant past, lamentations, love lyrics and stones based on persona.

Palawan 

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The Calamianes Group of Islands to the Northeast consists of; Durangan Island – almost touches the western most part of Palawan, Balabac Island – located off the southern tip, separated from Borneo by the Balabac Strait. Palawan covers the Cuyo Island in the Sulu Sea, Spratly Islands. Considered as part of Palawan by the Philippines and locally called the Kalayaan Group of Islands. The largest province in the Philippines, is home to several indigenous ethno linguistic groups.

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Peoples of Palawan

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Batak – means “ Mountain people” in Cuyonon is a group of indigenous people that resides in the Northeast portion of Palawan. They live in a rug interiors of Northeastern Palawan. Living close to nature, they are a peaceful and shy people. This people believe in nature spirits, with whom they communicate through a babaylan or medium. Palaweños – Native-born lowland dwellers. They are religious, disciplined and have a highly developed community spirit. Language: Cuyonon & Agutaynen. Palawano – A.K.A. Pala‟ wan. Part of the large Manobo-based linguistic groups of Southern Philippines. Hunt using soars and bamboo blowguns. Tagbanwa – “People of the world” found in Central and Northern Palawan. Central tagbanwa; they are concentrated in the municipalities of Aborlan, Quezon and Puerto Princesa. Shifting cultivation of upland rice, which is considered as divine gift, and are known for their wine ritual called pagdiwata.

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Issues The struggles to save Palawan (known as the Philippines‟ Last Frontier) is not only about saving trees and rare species. It is also about nourishing the Filipino cultural heritage, so powerfully represented by those indigenous communities that – after escaping Spanish and American colonization (while resisting the new „mining imperialism‟ now) – continue to represent the „living roots‟ from which all Filipinos originate. Therefore, environmental plundering by mining companies is not only a crime against culture, a sort of genocide that annihilates the most profound roots of the Filipino‟s history and ultimately plunders the cultural heritage of the whole nation!!!

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Vocal Music Bagit Kulial (Songs) Tultul (Epic chant) Ulit (Shamanic chant)

Instrumental Music Suling (banded flute) Basal (gong) Kusyapiq (lute) Pagang (bamboo zither) Aruding (Jew‟s harp) Babarak (ring flute)

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The subtitle threads between Mankind and Nature involve all our senses and more particularly our auditive sensitivity. Capturing tonalities, rhythms, and melodies, we can like a bird fly down from the celestial vault to the Earth, dwelling-place of highlander-islanders known as the Palawan who live in the Southern part of the island by the same name. this aural voyage will take us to the realm of words, poetry, and music as human creations which the Palawan uses to communicate in order to live harmoniously in this world.

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Ulit (Shamanic chant)

The shaman sings the difficult experience of the voyage of his double, kuruduwa, by a specific chant, the lumbaga, whose melody is in all points assimil able to any epic melodic line . And it is precisely the ordeals that the soul of the shaman overcomes in the course of his voyage – the encounters with the Evil Doers, Länggam or Säqitan, the discussions, the bargaining engaged in with the invisible Beings – that constitute the shamanic chant.

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Tultul (Epic chant)

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To sing tultul is to be possessed by a Täw Tultultulän. These “Epic Heroes are a type of humanity who live in the median space and intercede between people on this Earth and Ämpugq. They are a Benevolent Humanity protecting the “Real Man”. The act of chanting thus doubles with the embodiment, in the very person of the bard, of these heroic and semidivine Beings. One can interpret this relationship as an act of possession in which the bard becomes a medium.

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Epics are always chanted at night, ending and daybreak; it is forbidden to sing when the sun shines and during the day.

In the Central West highlands, is the Palawan Island. One of the tribes in Palawan are the TAAGBANUAS. The Tagbanuas has retained their ancient culture. The Calamianes Group of Islands who elaborate funeral celebrations. Five days after interment, the relatives goes to the homes of the deceased to perform funeral rites. Then the participants chant the Batac, a lengthy song recounting the significant adventures of a mythical person named DUMARACOL. The singing goes on for three successive nights for evening till dawn.