11/4/2014
Energy Efficiency Summit Hyderabad Latest developments in VRV Technology
Muralidhar Katari Daikin Air conditioning India Pvt. Ltd. October 30, 2014
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What About Efficiency? Typical energy consumption in office building rC Ai
ondit io ning 47%
Comp. Heat 20% transfer 27.2% Other utilities 20.5% Lighting 32.3%
47% of electricity is consumed by AC AC consumption reduction is prime target of energy saving
How does it possible to achieve energy saving and comfort simultaneously? Energy saving
Comfort 2
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This is the time to increase our efforts towards • Strengthen Green Building Movement • More energy efficient methods of operations • High energy efficient products • Habit of Energy Conservation • Best utilization of available Energy Resources.
We are pioneering the movement with a large array of energy efficient products
Air-cooled VRV Project with LEED Platinum Certification LEED certified Platinum rating
Project Name
CRISIL House
Location
Mumbai, India
BLD. Type The Size of Bldg Size of Project Central Controller
Uniqueness
Official Building
9 Floors ODU - 73 No., HP – 1,092 VRVIII (Air Cooled) I-Manager
• Green building project => With Platinum rating • Design by Team of leading Architectural and HVAC Consultancy organisations. 4
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Water-cooled VRV Project with LEED Platinum Certification
LEED certified Platinum rating
Project Name Location
Pune, India
BLD. Type
Official Building
The Size of Bldg Size of Project Central Controller
Uniqueness
Suzlon
8 – Blocks, 32 Floor ODU - 134 No., HP – 1,392 VRVIII ( WC) I-Manager & BACnet
• Green building project => Highest Platinum rated building in India • Appreciation letter from customer for installation and project management 5
LEED Platinum Certification
LEED certified Platinum rating
Project Name
Kirloskar Brother Limited
Location
Pune, India
BLD. Type
Official Building
The Size of Bldg
Aircond. Q’ty
Application
G+ 3 Floor
ODU - 69 No., HP– 704
• Green building project => Platinum rated building • 1st Reference Site of VRV – WIII • Awarded appreciation letter by customer
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Discussion Topics Emerging Space conditioning technology; Variable Refrigerant Volume (VRV) Energy & Atmosphere - Efficiency of the system - Environment friendly Refrigerant Clean Project Management - IAQ management plan - Indoor environmental quality 7
VRV Development
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Background of Development of VRV 1973 – Global oil crises (The 4th Arab-Israel War ) 1979 – New energy efficiency laws es in Japan 1980 – Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 – The worlds first VRV System is launched
Energy saving Crude oil price
Oil crisis
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1973
1974
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The 1st turning point Inverter VRV! Its design flexibility expanded sales volume drastically.
5000
Inverter VRV
4000 3000 2000 1000 0
The 1st generation Inverter VRV G series
Non-inverter VRV 1998
1999
1990
1991
Turning Point
10
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Technology Advancement Standard compressors to variable speed scroll compressors Direct driven outdoor fans to variable frequency drive, inverter-driven fans Direct driven indoor coil motors to Inverter type motors
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Performance difference between 1982 and 2014 model 1982
2014
Energy Efficiency (COP) <10HP>
2.78
4.30
Max. refrigerant piping length difference between indoor & outdoor unit
70m
165m
Max. refrigerant piping height difference between indoor & outdoor unit
30m
90m
Capacity range – Outdoor unit
10,15HP
4~60HP
Capacity range – Indoor unit
2.5HP
0.8~20HP
Max. connectable indoor unit’s number
6 units
64 units
None
-Intelligent touch Controller - Intelligent Manager - Intelligent touch Manager (~2012) - BACNet interface - LonWorks Interface - Home Automation Interface (2012~) - A/C Network Service System
Approx. 5,000m2
No limit
Network control system
Target project size
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Expansion of the country of sale Sales is undergoing in more than 70 countries Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Finland Greece
Algeria Burkina Fas o Egypt Ivory Coast Senegal South Africa Sudan
Hungary Ireland Italy Lithuania Macedonia Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Russia
Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey UK Ukraine
Bahrain Jordan Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia UAE
Cambodia Malaysia Myanmar Philippine Singapore Thailand Vietnam
Canada Mexico Puerto Rico USA
China Japan Korea Taiwan
Argentina Brazil Panama Peru
Australia Fiji New Caledonia New Zealand Tahiti
India Maldives Nepal Seychelles Sri Lanka
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Growth path experienced in all key VRV markets 120
3. Steady Growth
100
Japan Australia S. Korea Singapore Europe
80
60
2. High Growth
x 25!
40
1. Tipping Point 20
0 0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
Years after introduction 14
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Energy: Efficiency of the system
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VRV Architecture Variable Refrigerant Volume Outdoor Unit
Indoor Units
•Independent control of each room and zone’s air conditioning according to thermal load. •Automatic control of each indoor unit •Energy conservation. 16
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Groundbreaking technology applied to VRV Compressor – – – – – –
Variable speed inverter compressor Scroll compressor with relief mechanism Reluctance DC motor (IPM(Inner Permanent Magnet) synchronous motor) Neodymium magnet Sensor-less DC inverter Sign wave inverter
Heat exchanger – Sub cool circuit for longer piping – e- cooling pipe location
Control system – – – –
Hi-speed DIII protocol Intelligent-Manager, Intelligent-touch-Controller、Intelligent-touch-Manager BACNet Interface, LONWorks Interface A/C Network Service System (AIRNET, Energy Saving AIRNET)
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Essential technologies ⇒ Energy saving is achieved by: - Lowering condensing temperature - Increasing evaporating temperature
Sine-wave DCInverter
Standard Inverter
10
R410A
-10℃
60℃
40℃ 50℃ 20℃ 30℃ 0℃ 10℃
70℃80℃90℃100℃110℃120℃
-20℃
Output current after correction Scroll Type
0.1 200
250
300 350 エンタルピ[kJ/kg]
Heat exchanger
400
450
500
Fan
Reluctance DC Motor
Enthalpy (Kcal/kg)
Aero Spiral Fan
D.I.S.O. Circuit
Former Fan model
To compensate refrigerant flow velocity reduction caused by gas condensation, 2 es are combined into 1 restricted to 1. Heat exchange efficiency 11% UP
Liquid refrigerant
150
High Temp. gas
圧力[MPa]
Pressure (MPa)
Compresso r
-30℃
1
Aero Spiral Fan
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System Parts with built-in Inverters The motor of the compressor, the heart of an air conditioner, consumes most power.
M
INV
Fan motor Air M
INV
PCB
INV
INV
M
M
Air Electronic expansion valve motor
PCB
Compressor motor
Outdoor unit Air
Indoor unit fan motor PCB
INV
Inverter device 19
System Capacity Control According to the readings of 4 sensers, every 5 sec., U calculates optimum capacity and adjusting EEV in PID (Propotional Integral & Derivative) action. PID control ensures optimum comfort. Gas
Each indoor controls its capacity via PID control and an E.E.V. 3
4
Evaporator
2
Discharge
1
T2
Fan
U Liquid
T1
INDEPENDENT BRAIN
Electronic expansion valve
T3
T4
Suction
Condensing unit adjust the inverter compressor to provide the required capacity (Low or High)
RC
T1 = Refrigerant IN temp. T2 = Refrigerant OUT temp. T3 = Return air temp. T4 = Set temp. of RC 20
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Partial load Performance Yearly Cooling hours
Daily occupancy ratio 100%
160 140 120
90%
Major operation range : > 38C
80% 70%
100
Design condition Less than 10 hrs In a year
80 60
60% 50% 40% 30%
40
Random occupancy
20%
20
10%
0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
Ambient Temperature (℃)
0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Time
AC is selected for maximum load but operated under fluctuating partial load almost all time Quick and efficient traceability for the load fluctuation Quick capacity adjustment for changing load
Adjusting refrigerant flow 21
High Efficiency on Partial Load COP
7.0
6.6
Cooling COP
6.5
4.3
6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 20%
Nominal COP *
Load Area 40%
60%
80%
100%
Cooling Load
* 8 HP
Partial Load gives high efficiency , Most of the time building run on partial Loads COP = Cooling capacity /Power Input 22
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Individual Control Operations as per building need Precise Temperature Control Consumes Energy as per cooling load
benefit - can save energy by avoiding useless operation
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Inverter Technology
Room Temperature
Stable temperature control by electronic expansion valve and inverter compressor
30 25 Set Temp.
20 15
Automatically adjusts compressor speed to meet load Strives to run long periods at very low speeds Reduce cyclic losses Improve temperature controls
10
20
30
40 Time
50
60
70
Min. 24
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Latest Development
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VRT Control Innovative New Technology !
VRT (Variable Refrigerant Temperature) Cooling load is always changing
How can we achieve best performance in unstable condition?
Targets
Methods
Results
Compressor speed change
Inverter
Ref. Volume change
Evaporating temp. change
VRT
Comp. Work change New! 26
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VRT Control Comp. Work (power consumption) reduction Ref. Temp.
TC (Cond. Temp.)
Comp. Work Comp. Work Power consumption
VRT
TE
Reduction
Reduction
(Eva. Temp.)
Inverter 50%
100% Ref. flow 27
VRT Control
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Reason – Higher efficiency at cooling VRT
COP
Because of smaller high & low pressure difference!
Conventional A/C Load
Cooling load & capacity
Ref. Eva. temp.
VRT
Capacity
100%
Conventional A/C 25%
Outdoor Temp.
35℃
30℃
25℃
20℃
High Efficiency Scroll compressor. A 50% thinner & 20% higher scroll blade, which is realized by adapting newly developed material, increases compression volume by 50%.
2.4 times stronger ! 50% thinner
50% more compression volume
Iron based alloy casting produced by “Thixocasting process”. Thixocasting process In the way that cast the material in a semi-molten state, it is capable of producing very high strength products.
20% higher
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4-face heat exchanger 50% more heat exchange surface
Maximized surface area
30% smaller fin pitch New
Current
32 fins!
Refrigerant cooled inverter VRV IV, inverter circuit is cooled by refrigerant So, efficient & reliable cooling without influence of ambient air temperature VRV IV
Refrigerant cooled circuit
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Air net System: Energy Saving This system tunes the air conditioner according to customer's outdoor indoor location, operating conditions and day by day weather condition.
System overview
17 Weather data locations from India Airnet Control Center (ACC)
Spot forecast
Weather Association Forecast Data
Remote energy saving tune-up service (paid contract)
Customer
Optimized energy saving setup
Optimized energy saving setup
I-Manager Operation data report (via phone line)
or
Operation data
I-Touch Controller
* Optional chargeable service
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Environment
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Heat Transfer Media Why Refrigerant? The commonly used methods of Heat Transfer in Air Conditioning solutions each exercise different operational characteristics regards adding or removing heat energy to a conditioned space as follows:
Air 0.14 watts/lb
Water 2.6 watts/lb
Refrigerant
25 watts/lb VAV
VWV
VRV
This diagram represents the energy transfer possible per lb of media due to the performance characteristic of the fluid used. 35
Environmental Consciousness 1
RoHS (Reduction of Hazardous Substances)
2
High COP (lower global warming impact, lower running cost)
3
Less refrigerant (zero ODP, lower global warming impact)
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Further Energy saving through Smart Controller
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Case Study: Project @ Pune Energy Savings Proposal by Controller Scheduling Required by client Location
Time Morning Lunch
Office Afternoon Evening
Hour 9:00 13:00 13:00 14:00 14:00 18:30
Set Temp. Mode Set
Remote Restriction
23-25°C Cooling
No
Morning
Yes
Up to Lift Lobby/ Lunch Common Afternoo areas n
-
Fan
24-26°C Cooling
18:30
No
Location
Stop All Systems
Time
Night
Hour
Set Temp. Mode Set
8:00 10:00 10:00 14:00 14:00 20:00 20:00 8:00
Remote Restriction
26°C
Cooling
No
-
Fan
Yes
26°C
Cooling
No
-
Fan
Yes
Total Testing Area 4 Floors: Right & Left Wing- 1 & 2 Floors 25/08/10~31/8/10 ( Previous conditions)
• Without Energy savings
1/09/10~7/09/10 ( Present conditions)
• With Energy savings Proposal Centralized System
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Case Study: Project @ Pune Weekly Energy Savings after
before
kwh
Reduction- 22 %
350
325 kwh
300
250 Kwh 250 200 150 kwh 100 50
Day
0 25-Aug 26-Aug 27-Aug 28-Aug 29-Aug 30-Aug 31-Aug 1-Sep Mean Ambient temp
Wed
Thur
Fri
24
24
24
SaturdaySunday MondayTuesday Wed 24
24
25
25
1545 Kwh
25
2-Sep
3-Sep
Thur
Fri
25
25
4-Sep
5-Sep
6-Sep
7-Sep
SaturdaySunday MondayTuesday 25
25
25
25
1202 Kwh
Energy savings weekly = 22 % Energy savings= (1545-1202)/1545*100
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System Structure
For PPD data and ing project data
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Indoor Environmental quality
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Outdoor Air Processing Unit Enhanced design flexibility and a significant reduction in total system costs. Fresh air treatment and air conditioning with a single system Fan coil units for air conditioning and an outdoor-air processing unit can be connected to the same refrigerant line.
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Outdoor Air Processing Unit Enhanced design flexibility and a significant reduction in total system costs. Fresh air treatment and air conditioning with a single system Fan coil units for air conditioning and an outdoor-air processing unit can be connected to the same refrigerant line.
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Heat Reclaim Ventilation (HRV)
Air Conditioning Load Reduced by Approximately 28% VRV Indoor unit
HRV
• ON/OFF signal
LCD remote controller for indoor unit
• Cooling/Heating mode signal
• Set temperature signal • Ventilation signal
Ex. air
Hot F.A.
23C 50%
35C 80%
• Failure detection signal HRV recovers heat from Exhaust air
Cooled FA
Exhaust air
27.5C 75% 44
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Future Direction
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Future direction Multi function Super large project Integration with applied system
Cooling/heating/ floor heating/hot water supply Cooling+heat recovery for hot water
Further HiCOP Hi-COP refrigerant Revolutionary compressor/hea t exchanger
Optimization for residence Connection with HA automation Price optimization by residence concentrated specification
VRV
Diversification of the heat source Electric Gas Geo thermal etc 46
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Multi function VRV
Air-conditioning
4HP – 48HP
Floor heating
Hot water supply
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VRV for cold area
10HP – 20HP 2 step compression type Hi-COP even at –20degC 48
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Ice thermal storage VRV
Ice thermal storage tank
VRV
10HP – 42HP
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CO2 VRV
10HP
50
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Gas heat pump VRV
8HP – 50HP
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Application of VRV technology on large size projects Typical cluster details: Size: 93,000 sqm Average floor plate size: Wing 1&4 2,600 sqm Wing 2&3 3,000 sqm Floor Levels Wing 1&4 2 Lower Ground Floor+Ground Floor+5 Floors Wing 2&3 2 Lower Ground Floor+Ground Floor+7 Floors
Project Detail: EON Project Details: SEZ “Special Economic Zone” project => VRV Biggest project Location: Pune, India
Customer Criteria for A/C selection : VRV III was selected for it’s various practical benefits. 1.Phase wise installation and commissioning; 2.Energy Savings 3.Simplified Control and Maintenance 4.Independent AC system for each tenant
Equipment Configuration: System Selected
VRV III (Total Capacity: 16512 HP, 928 ODU)
Refrigerant
R-410A
Outdoor Units
Heat pump types
Model
RXYQ18PY1: 896 nos. RXYQ12PY1: 32 nos.
Indoor Units
FXFQ-MVE (Ceiling Mounted Multi Flow Cassette): 6,600 nos.
Control System
Intelligent Manager III (DAM602B51: 32 nos.) 52
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Thank you for your attention!
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