Awp Unit 10001 5q294k
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ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION Subject Code:(EC601 PC) Regulations : R16 JNTUH Class:III Year B.Tech ECE II Semester
Department of Electronics and communication Engineering BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Ibrahimpatnam -501 510, Hyderabad
ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION(EC601 PC) COURSE PLANNER (MOOC-NPTEL) https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc19_ee19/ COURSE OVERVIEW: The course covers the basics of the antenna parameters, retarded potential, radiated power, radiation resistance, gain and directivity of thin linear wire antennas, VHF, UHF and microwave antennas like Yagi - Uda, Helical antenna, reflector antenna, micro strip antenna, and lens antenna, antenna arrays broadside and end fire, antenna measurements to measure the antenna parameters, wireless communication maintained through ground, space and sky. II.PREREQUISITE: 1.Basic knowledge of Electromagnetic Waves. III:COURSE OBJECTIVES: 1.
2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
To understand the concept of radiation, antenna definitions and significance of antenna parameters, to derive and analyze the radiation characteristics of thin wire dipole antennas and solve numerical problems. To distinguish between UHF, VHF and Microwave Antennas, their requirements, specifications, characteristics and design relations. To analyze the characteristics of yagi-uda antennas, helical antennas, pyramidal horns, microstrip patch antennas and parabolic reflectors and identify the requirements to facilitate their design. To identify the antenna array requirements, to determine the characteristics of ULAs and estimate the patterns of BSA, EFA, and Binomial Arrays. To understand the concepts and set-up requirements for microwave measurements, and familiarize with the procedure to enable antenna measurements To define and distinguish between different phenomenon of wave propagation (ground wave, space wave and sky wave), their frequency dependence, and estimate their characteristics, identifying their profiles and parameters involved.
IV:Course Outcomes: S.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Description
Explain the mechanism of radiation, distinguish between different antenna characteristic parameters, establish their mathematical relations,Distinguish between short dipoles, half-wave dipoles, quarter-wave mono poles and small loops, configure their current distributions, Characterize the antennas based on frequency, configure the geometry and establish the radiation patterns of folded dipole, Yagi-Uda Antenna, Helical Antennas, Horn Antennas, and to acquire the knowledge of their analysis, design and development. Analyze a microstrip rectangular patch antenna and a parabolic reflector antenna, identify the requirements and relevant feed structure, carry out the design and establish their patterns. Carry out the Linear Array Analysis, estimate the array factor and characteristics and sketch the pattern for 2-element array, N-element BSA, EFA, modified EFA, Binomial Arrays Classify the different wave propagation mechanisms, identify their frequency ranges, determine the characteristic
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level L2:Understand & L4:Analyze
L2:Understand & L5:Evaluate
L2:Understand & L4:Analyze L3: Apply & L4:Analyze
L2:Understand &
features of ground wave, ionospheric wave, space wave, duct and tropospheric propagations, and estimate the parameters involved.
L3: Apply
V: HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED: PO’s Program Outcomes (PO) PO 1
PO2
PO 3
PO 4
PO 5
PO 6
PO 7
PO 8 PO 9 PO 10
PO 11
PO 12
Level
Proficiency assessed by
Engineering knowledge: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
3
3
Seminars, Discussions
The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
2
Projects
2
Projects
--
----
3
Projects
2
Seminars /Presentations
3
Projects
3
Competitive Examinations
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium)
3: Substantial (High)
Assignments 3
Hands on Practice Sessions
3 Lab Sessions 3
- : None
Assignments Exercises
&
VI: HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED: PSO’s
Program Specific Outcomes (PSO)
Level
PSO 1
Professional Skills: An ability to understand the basic concepts in Electronics & Communication Engineering and to apply them to various areas, like Electronics, Communications, Signal processing, VLSI, Embedded systems etc., in the design and implementation of complex systems. Problem-Solving Skills: An ability to solve complex Electronics and communication Engineering problems, using latest hardware and software tools, along with analytical skills to arrive cost effective and appropriate solutions.
1
Successful Career and Entrepreneurship: An understanding of social-awareness & environmental-wisdom along with ethical responsibility to have a successful career and to sustain ion and zeal for real-world applications using optimal resources as an Entrepreneur.
2
PSO 2
PSO 3
Proficiency assessed by Lectures, Assignments
2 Projects
Experiments / Projects
VII:MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES: Co u rs e O ut co m es CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5 Aver age: Rou nded
Program Specific Outcomes (PSO)
Program Outcomes (PO)
PO 1
PO 2
PO 3
PO 4
PO 5
PO 6
PO 7
PO 8
PO 9
PO10
1 1 2 2 2 1.6
3 2 3 2 1 2.2
2 3 1 1 2 1.8
2 3 3 2 2.0
3 1 2 2 1.6
2 2 2 1 1.4
2 2 2 2 2 2.0
------
2 1 2 2 1 1.6
2 1 2 1 2 1.6
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
--
2
2
PO1 1
PO 12
PSO 1
PSO 2
PSO 3
1 2 2 1 1 1.4
1 1 2 1 2 1.4
3 1
1 3 1
1 1 1.6
3 2.0
2 1 1 1 1 1.2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
VIII: JNTUH SYLLABUS: UNIT - I Antenna Basics: Introduction, Basic Antenna Parameters – Patterns, Beam Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity-Gain-Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Effective Height, Illustrative Problems. Fields from Oscillating Dipole,
Field Zones, Front - to-back Ratio, Antenna Theorems, Radiation, Retarded Potentials – Helmholtz Theorem Thin Linear Wire Antennas – Radiation from Small Electric Dipole, Quarter Wave Monopole and Half Wave Dipole – Current Distributions, Field Components, Radiated Power, Radiation Resistance, Beam Width, Directivity, Effective Area and Effective Height, Natural Current Distributions, Far Fields and Patterns of Thin Linear Centre-fed Antennas of Different Lengths, Illustrative Problems. Loop Antennas - Introduction, Small Loop, Comparison of Far Fields of Small Loop and Short Dipole, Radiation Resistances and Directivities of Small Loops (Qualitative Treatment). UNIT - II VHF, UHF and Microwave Antennas - I : Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi-Uda Array, Folded Dipoles and their Characteristics, Helical Antennas – Helical Geometry, Helix Modes, Practical Design Considerations for Mono filar Helical Antenna in Axial and Normal Modes, Horn Antennas – Types, Fermat’s Principle, Optimum Horns, Design Considerations of Pyramidal Horns, Illustrative Problems. UNIT - III VHF, UHF and Microwave Antennas - II: Microstrip Antennas – Introduction, Features, Advantages and Limitations, Rectangular Patch Antennas – Geometry and Parameters, Characteristics of Microstrip Antennas. Reflector Antennas – Introduction, Flar Sheet and Corner Reflectors, Paraboloidal Reflectors – Geometry, Pattern Characteristics, Feed Methods, Reflector Types – Related Features, Illustrative Problems. UNIT - IV Antenna Arrays: Point Sources – Definition, Patterns, arrays of 2 Isotropic Sources - Different Cases, Principle of Pattern Multiplication, Uniform Linear Arrays – Broadside Arrays, End fire Arrays, EFA with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their Characteristics and Comparison, BSAs with Non-uniform Amplitude Distributions – General Considerations and Binomial Arrays, Illustrative Problems. Antenna Measurements: Introduction, Concepts - Reciprocity, Near and Far Fields, Coordinate System, Sources of Errors. Patterns to be Measured, Directivity Measurement, Gain Measurements (by Comparison, Absolute and 3-Antenna Methods) UNIT - V Wave Propagation – I: Introduction, Definitions, Categorizations and General Classifications, Different Modes of Wave Propagation, Ray/Mode Concepts, Ground Wave Propagation (Qualitative Treatment) – Introduction, Plane Earth Reflections, Space and Surface Waves, Wave Tilt, Curved Earth Reflections. Space Wave Propagation – Introduction, Field Strength Variation with Distance and Height, Effect of Earth’s Curvature, Absorption, Super Refraction, M-Curves and Duct Propagation, Scattering Phenomena, Tropospheric Propagation. Wave Propagation – II: Sky Wave Propagation – Introduction, Structure of Ionosphere, Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves by Ionosphere, Ray Path, Critical Frequency, MUF, LUF, OF, Virtual Height and Skip Distance, Relation between MUF and Skip Distance, Multi-hop Propagation TEXT BOOKS: Antennas and Wave Propagation – J.D. Kraus, R.J. Marhefka and Ahmad S. Khan, MC GRAW HILL EDUCATION, New Delhi, 4th ed., (Special Indian Edition),
2010. 2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd ed., 2000. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Antenna Theory - C.A. Balanis, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Ed., 2005. 2. Antennas and Wave Propagation – K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech India Publications, New Delhi, 2001. MOOC-NPTEL LINK: https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc19_ee19/
IX:LESSON PLAN-COURSE SCHEDULE: S e s s i o n
W e e k
U n i t
1. 2. 3.
I
I
Topics
Course Learning outcomes
Basic Antenna Parameters Patterns Beam Area, Radiation Intensity
To Know and understand the shapes of the radiation patterns. To understand and analyze the elemental field characteristics of antenna To understand Beam Efficiency, Directivty. To analyze the Antenna Apertures,Effective Height To understand Fields from Oscillating Dipole To understand and analyze the elemental field characteristics of antenna To understand the Antenna Theorems and laws To understand & Evaluate Radiation potentials To understand & Evaluate Retarded potentials To understand the Antenna Theorems and laws To understand and analyze the elemental field characteristics of antenna To evaluate the Current Distributions in Quarterwave Monopole To evaluate the Current Distributions in Halfwave
5.
Beam Efficiency, Directivty-Gain-Resolution Antenna Apertures,Effective Height and Related Problems. Fields from Oscillating Dipole
6.
Field zones,Front-to-back ratio
7.
Antenna Theorems
4.
8.
II
I
Radiation potentials
9.
Retarded potentials
10.
Helmholtz Theorm & Problems
11.
Thin Linear Wire Antennas: Radiation from Small Electric Dipole Quarterwave MonopoleCurrent Distributions
12. 13.
III
I
Halfwave Dipole- Current Distributions
Refer ence
Teaching Methodlogy
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
PPT
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
14.
Field Components
15.
Radiated Power
16.
Radiation Resistance
17.
Beamwidths, Directivity
18. IV
I
19.
Effective Area, Effective Height and Natural current distributions Fields and patterns of Thin Linear Center- fed Antennas of Different Lengths
20.
Loop Antennas - Introduction
21.
Small Loop Antenna
22. 23.
Comparison of Far Fields of Small Loop and Short Dipole
V
I
24.
Directivities of Small and Large Loops
25.
Illustrative Problems
26. 27. 28.
Radiation Resistances of Small and Large Loops
VI
II
29. 30.
VHF, UHF AND Microwave Antennas - I: Arrays with Parasitic Elements Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi - Uda Arrays, Folded Dipoles their characteristics. Helical Antennas – Significance, Geometry, basic properties Design considerations for mono filar helical antennas in Axial Mode and Normal Modes.
31.
Horn Antennas - Types
32.
Fermat s Principle
33. 34.
VII
II
Optimum Horns Design Considerations of Pyramidal Horns
Dipole To understand and analyze the elemental field characteristics of antenna To understand and analyze the elemental field characteristics of antenna To evaluate the Radiation Resistance of an antenna To evaluate theBeamwidths, Directivity To evaluate the Effective Area, Effective Height and Natural current distributions To evaluate the Fields and patterns of Thin Linear Centerfed Antennas of Different Lengths To know the characteristics of loop antenna. To know the characteristics of small loop antenna. To understand the Comparison of Far Fields of Small Loop and Short Dipole To Analyze the Radiation Resistances of Small and Large Loops To Analyze the Directivities of Small and Large Loops To Analyze and apply the characteristics of loop antenna. To Understand the characteristics of multi elemental antennas. To Understand the characteristics of multi elemental antennas. To know the characteristics of Helical antenna. To know design characteristics of helical antenna To know the design characteristics of helical antennas in Axial Mode and Normal Modes. To know the design characteristics of Horn antenna. To Understand Fermat s Principle To Understand the Optimum Horns To Analyze the Design Considerations of Pyramidal Horns
T1
PPT
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
PPT
T1
PPT
T1
PPT
T1
PPT
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
PPT
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
PPT
T1
Chalk-Talk
35. 36.
MOCK TEST - I
37. 38.
VIII
III
To know the basics of Microstrip Antennas To Understand the Features, Advantages and Limitations To Analyze Rectangular Patch Antennas - Geometry and Parameters To Understand the Characteristics of Microstrip Antennas
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
PPT
T1
PPT
T1
Chalk-Talk
To Understand the Impact of Different Parameters on Characteristics To understand the reflector type of antennas
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
To understand the Paraboloidal Reflectors of antennas
T1
Chalk-Talk
To understand the Characteristics of reflector antennas
T1
Chalk-Talk
Lens Antennas - Introduction,
To understand the lens antenna
Geometry of Nonmetallic Dielectric Lenses
To
T1 T1
Chalk-Talk Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
To understand the point Sources - Definition, Pattern To understand the Arrays of 2 Isotropic Sources - Different Cases To Analyze the Uniform Linear Arrays - Broadside Arrays, Endfire Arrays To Analyze the EFA with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their Characteristics and Comparision
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
PPT
T1
PPT
To understand the BSAs with Non-unitform Amplitude Distributions
T1
Chalk-Talk
To know the Antenna Measurements
T1
Chalk-Talk
Microstrip Antennas Introduction Features, Advantages and Limitations Rectangular Patch Antennas Geometry and Parameters
39.
Characteristics of Microstrip Antennas
40. 41.
BRIDGE CLASS-1
42.
Reflector Antennas Introdcution, Flar Sheet and Corner Reflectors Paraboloidal Reflectors Geometry, Pattern Characteristics Feed Methods, Reflector Types - Related Features
43.
Impact of Different Parameters on Characteristics
IX
III
44. 45. 46. 47.
BRIDGE CLAS-2
48.
Geometry of Nonmetallic Dielectric Lenses
X
III
49.
Zoning, Tolerances, Applications. BRIDGE CLAS-3
50. 51. 52. 53.
XI
IV
54.
55. 56.
the lens
antenna To understand the operation lens antenna To understand the characteristics lens antenna
BRIDGE CLAS-4
XII 57.
Antenna Arrays: Point Sources - Definition, Pattern Arrays of 2 Isotropic Sources Different Cases, Principle of Pattern Multiplication Uniform Linear Arrays Broadside Arrays, Endfire Arrays EFA with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their Characteristics and Comparision
understand operation
IV
BSAs with Non-unitform Amplitude Distributions General Considerations and Binomial Arrays, Antenna Measurements: Introduction, Concepts Reciprocity, Near and Far Fields
58.
Coordinate System, Sources of Errors. Patterns to be Measured
59.
60. 61.
62.
63.
XIII
V
Pattern Measurement Arrangement, Directivity Measurement, Gain Measurements Mock Test-2 Wave Propagation I: Introduction, Definitions, Categorizations and General Classifications Different Modes of Wave Propagation, Ray/Mode Concepts, Ground Wave Propagation Plane Earth Reflections, Space and Surface Waves, Wave Tilt
64.
Curved Earth Reflections, Space Wave Propagation - Introduction
65. 66.
BRIDGE CLAS-5
67.
Absorption, Super retraction, M-Curves and Duct ropagation,Scattering Phenomena, Tropospheric Propagation. Sky Wave Propagation Introduction-Structure of Ionosphere, Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves by Ionosphere
68.
Field Strength Variation with Distance and Height, Effect of Earth's Curvature
XIV
V
69.
Structure of Ionosphere, Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves by Ionosphere
70. 71.
74. 75.
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
To Understand the Wave Propagation
T1 & PPT T2
To Understand the Different Modes of Wave Propagation
T1 & Chalk-Talk T2
To analyze the Plane Earth Reflections, Space and Surface Waves, Wave Tilt To analyze the urved Earth Reflections, Space Wave Propagation - Introduction
T1 & Chalk-Talk T2
To Understand the Field Strength Variation with Distance and Height, Effect of Earth's Curvature To Understand the Absorption, Super retraction, M-Curves and Duct ropagation
T1 & Chalk-Talk T2
To Understand the Sky Wave Propagation - Introduction
T1 & PPT T2
To know the Structure of Ionosphere, Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves by Ionosphere
T1 & PPT T2
T1 & PPT T2
T1 & Chalk-Talk T2
BRIDGE CLAS-6
T1 T2 T1 OF, Virtual Height and Skip To Understand the OF, Virtual Height and Skip Distance Distance T2 To Establish the Relation T1 Relation between MUF and skip between MUF and skip Distance Distance T2 To Understand the Multi-hop T1 Multi-hop Propagation. Propagation. T2 Ray Path, Frequency,MUF, LUF
72. 73.
To understand theoordinate System, Sources of Errors. Patterns to be Measured To Analyze the Pattern Measurement Arrangement, Directivity Measurement
XV
V
BRIDGE CLAS-7
X:QUESTION BANK: (JNTUH) DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS:
Critical
To Understand the Ray Path, Critical Frequency,MUF, LUF
& PPT & Chalk-Talk & Chalk-Talk & Chalk-Talk
UNIT-I ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS S.No
1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12 13 1 2
QUESTION
Define an antenna? Describe the meant by radiation pattern? Define Radiation intensity? Define Beam efficiency? Define Directivity? Describe the different types of aperture? Define different types of aperture? Define Aperture efficiency? Describe the meant by effective height? Describe the field zones? Define antenna efficiency? LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Blooms taxonomy level
Course Outcom e 1 1
Analyze Analyze
1 1 1 1
Understand
1 1
Analyze
1
Understand Understand
1 1
Explain the retarded vector potential in detail? Derive an expression for the power radiated by the current element and calculate the radiation resistance? Derive an expression for the far field component of a half wave dipole of an antenna? Derive the total power radiated by half wave dipole?
Understand Analyze
1 1
Analyze
1
5 6
Show that the radiation resistance of a half wave dipole is 73Ohms? Derive an expression for the electric field and magnetic field due to a current element at a distance point in free space?
Understand
1 1 1 1
7
Derive an expression for the gain of half wave dipole?
Understand
1 1
8
Derive FRIIS transmission formula and explain its significance?
Understand
9
Derive an expression for power radiated by an isotropic antenna?
Understand
1 1 1
Derive the relation between directivity and beam solid angle?
1
3 4
10
UNIT -2 VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - I SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS S. No.
Question
1 2 3 4
Describe the the Special feature of folded dipole antennas? Describe the Advantages of folded dipole? Describe the Application of folded dipole? Describe the a axial mode of helix antenna
Blooms Taxonomy Level Understand
Course Outcome 2 2 2 2
5 6 7. 8 9 10
Discriminate the axial mode with Normal Mode Describe the parameters to be considered for the design of a helical antenna Describe the characteristics of Yagi uda antenna? Describe the different types of horn antennas used in practicalapplications Describe the mean by fermat’s principle Describe the advantages horn antennas
Understand Apply Understand Understand
2 2 2 2 2 2
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Question
Explain the special features of various types of Horn antennas With a suitable diagram, discuss the construction and operation of aYagi-Uda antenna? Explain in detail the working principle of Helical antenna in Normal mode Explain the principle of operation and applications of folded dipoles? Draw The Helical Antenna With Neat Geometry. Explain in detail the working principle of Helical antenna in Axial mode Explain About the Design Considerations Of Pyramidal Horn Antenna. Explain the Working Principle of Horn Antenna. Derive the Voltage and Current Relations in Parasitic Elements. Classify the Types of Horn Antennas with neat Geometry
UNIT-3: VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - II SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS S. Question No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Describe the features of Patch antennas Describe the different types of reflector antennas Define F/D ratio? List Out the advantages of strip antennas Describe the drawbacks of parabolic reflector antenna Write the formula for centre frequency of patch antenna List out all the Microwave Antennas List the Applications of reflector antennas Describe the features of micro strip antennas Discuss the effect of Substrate on the radiation of Patch antenna
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Question
Describe the features of micro strip antennas? Describe the advantages and limitations of strip antennas? Explain the characteristics of micro strip antennas? Explain advantages and disadvantages of corner and flat sheet reflectors? Explain feed methods of parabolic reflector in detail? Describe types lens antennas? Explain? A parabolic reflector antenna with diameter 20 m, is designed to operate at frequency of 6GHz and illumination efficiency of 0.54. Calculate antenna Estimate the diameter of a parabolic reflector required to produce a beam of5 width at 1.2GHz. How would you make this reflector? Describe the feed methods of rectangular strip antennas?
Blooms Taxonomy Level Evaluate Analyze Evaluate Evaluate Evaluate Evaluate Analyze Analyze Analyze Analyze
Course Outcome 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Blooms Taxonomy Level Understand Understand Understand Understand Apply Understand Understand
Course Outcome
Blooms Taxonomy Level Evaluate Understand Understand Understand Analyze Analyze Apply
Course Outcome
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Appl
3
3
10
Calculate the directivity and power gain of an optimum horn antenna with asquare of 10 λ on a side.
UNIT-IV ANTENNA ARRAYS& MEASUREMENTS S. Question No. 1 Describe the point source. 2 Describe the meant by array. 3 Describe the meant by uniform linear array. 4 List out the types of array 5 Describe the Broad side array 6 Describe the End fire array 7 Describe the collinear array 8 Describe the parasitic array 9 Describe the Sources of Error in brief 10 Differentiate broad side and End fire array SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Write short notes on various forms of arrays i. Broad side array ii. End fire array ii. Collinear array iv. Parasitic array? Explain the Radiation Pattern Measurement with Neat Sketch. Explain the Gain Measurement by 3-Antenna Method with Neat Sketch. Explain the Sources of Error while doing the Measurement. Explain the Directivity Measurement with Neat Sketch. Write detail notes on Binomial arrays Explain the principle of Pattern multiplication? Derive the expression for the far field pattern of an array of 2 – isotropic point sources i) Equal amplitude and phase ii) Equal amplitude. Explain the Gain Measurement by Comparison Method with Neat Sketch. Generalize the Concept of Dolph Tchebyscheffs Array.
UNIT-V Wave propagation SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Question
Question
Define Ground wave? Describe the types of Ground waves Describe the Space Wave in detail Describe Surface Wave in detail Describe the Ray Path. Explain Skip Distance? Describe the Scattering Phenomena. Define LUF? Describe maximum Usable Frequency? Describe The concept of Virtual Height.
Apply
3
Blooms Taxonomy Level Understand Understand Understand Understand Understand Understand
Course Outcome
Blooms Taxonomy Level Apply
Course Outcome
Analyze Evaluate Evaluate Apply Apply
Blooms Taxonomy Level Understand Understand Understand Understand Understand Understand Understand
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Course Outcome 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Question
Blooms Taxonomy Level
Describe and Distinguish between the – (i) Critical Frequency &MUF (ii) Virtual Height and Skip Distance. Derive the Relation Between Skip Distance and MUF Explain the Effect of Earth’s Curvature and Absorption Explain the Concept of Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves by Ionosphere Sketch and Explain the Field Strength Variation of Space wave with Distance and Antenna Height Explain the duct propagation and M-Curves in detail? Explain the Significance of E And F Layers of Ionosphere,And for the Multi Hop Propagation Derive the Curved Earth Reflections in Ground Wave Propagation Derive the Plane Earth Reflections in Ground Wave Propagation Describe the Following in Detail (i)Critical Frequency(ii)Super Refraction
Understand Analyze Analyze Understand Apply Apply Analyze Understand
Course Outcome 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
XI :I-ASSIGNEMNT QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Question
Derive an expression for power radiated by an isotropic antenna? Explain the retarded vector potential in detail? With a suitable diagram, discuss the construction and operation of aYagi-Uda antenna? Explain About the Design Considerations Of Pyramidal Horn Antenna. Describe the features of micro strip antennas?
Blooms Taxonomy Level Understand Understand Analyze
Course Outcome
Analyze Evaluate
2 3
1 1 2
II- ASSIGNEMNT QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Question
Explain feed methods of parabolic reflector in detail? Derive the expression for the far field pattern of an array of 2 – isotropic point sources i) Equal amplitude and phase ii) Equal amplitude. Write short notes on various forms of arrays i. Broad side array ii. End fire array ii. Collinear array iv. Parasitic array? Describe and Distinguish between the – (i) Critical Frequency &MUF (ii) Virtual Height and Skip Distance. Describe the Following in Detail (i)Critical Frequency(ii)Super Refraction
Blooms Taxonomy Level Analyze Apply Apply Understand
UNIT – 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Antennas convert ----------------------to--------------------a) Photons to electrons b) Electrons to photons d) None 2. Antennas are of -------------- types a) Two b) Four
c) Both a and b
c) Infinite
Course Outcome 3 4 4 5 5
d) None 3. Which of the following is true a) Time changing current radiates b) Accelerated charges radiates c) Both a and b 4. Radiation pattern is ---------------- dimensional quantity Two b) Three d) None 5. ------------- is also called as 3-dB bandwidth a) FNBW b) HPBW c) Both a and b d) None 6. One steradian is equal to --------------- square degrees a) 360 b) 180 d) 41,253 7. --------------is independent of distance a) Pointing vector b) Radiation intensity c) Both a and b d) None 8. The minimum value of the directivity of an antenna is.......... a) Unity b) Zero d) None 9. Directivity is inversely proportional to......... a) HPBW b) FNBW c) Beam area d) Beam width 10. Gain is always -------------than directivity a) Greater b) Lesser c) Equal to d) None
d) None c) Single
c) 3283
c) Infinite
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS The Eθ Component of current element is given by-----------The Er Component of current element is given by-----------The HΦ Component of current element is given by---------The main application of Loop Antenna is---------------------The Directivity of Loop Antenna is_--------------------------UNIT – 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Alternating current element is given by a) I dl b) I dl cosωt c) I dl sinωt d) I 2. ---------potential is used to find the field components of current element a) Scalar Potential, V b) Vector Potential, A c) Both a and b d) None 3. -------- is basic building block for any practical antenna a) Current element b) Monopole c) Dipole d) Loop 4. The H Φ Component will consists of----------field. a) Radiation b) Induction c) Both a and b d) All 5. The E θ Component will consists of---------a) Radiation b) Induction c) Electro static d) All 6. The E r Component will consists of---------a) Induction b) Electro static c) Both a and b d) All 7. The induction and radiation fields of current element are equal at distance of ------
a) λ/2
b) λ/4 d) λ/10 8. The radiation resistance of current element is given by a) R r = 80П 2 (dl/λ) 2 b) R r = 20П 2 (dl/λ) 2 d) None 9. The radiation resistance of short dipole is given by a) R r = 80П 2 (dl/λ) 2 b) R r = 20П 2 (dl/λ) 2 d) None 10. The radiation resistance of short monopole is given by a) R r = 80П 2 (dl/λ) 2 b) R r = 20П 2 (dl/λ) 2 d) None
c) λ/6
c) R r = 10П (dl/λ)
c) R r = 10П (dl/λ)
c) R r = 10П (dl/λ)
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS Hansen-Wood yard Array is a -----------------array The currents in Non linear are -------------Binomial array was invented byThe amplitudes will be ----------- in the resultant pattern using principle of multiplication of Patterns The phases will be ----------- in the resultant pattern using principle of multiplication of Patterns. UNIT – 3
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. If the individual antennas of the array are spaced equally along a straight line. Then It is ------------array. a) Linear. b) Non-Linear. c) Both a and b. d) None. 2. Linear array is a system of ------spaced elements. a) Un equally. b) equally. c) Both a and b. d) None. 3. In a Uniform Linear array all elements are fed with current of ----------amplitude a) Equal. b) Unequal. c) Both a and b. d) None. 4. In a Broad side array the radiation is along----------a) X-direction. b) Y-direction. c) Both a and b. d) None. 5. In a end- fire array the radiation is along ----------a) X-direction. b) Y-direction. c) Both a and b. d) None. 6. In increased end- fire array the radiation is along----------a) X-direction. b) Y-direction. c) Both a and b. d) None. 7. Which array is also called as Hansen-Woodyard array. a) Broad side. b) End-fire. c) Increased End-Fired) None 8. Which array is also called as Stone’s array. a) Broad side. b) End-fire. c) Increased End-Fire. d) Binomial. 9. Hansen-Wood yard array is a --------array a) Linear. b) Non-Linear. c) Both a and b. d) None. 10. Stone’s array is a --------array a) Linear. b) Non-Linear. c) Both a and b. d) None.
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS Radiation pattern of Yagi-Uda array is--------directional Helical antenna was invented by---------The path difference in horn antennas must be-The horn antennas are used in the frequency range of The impedance of wave guides will be ----------than Transmission lines. UNIT – 4
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Microwave frequency range is------a) Above 30MHZ b) Above 300MHZ C) Above 00MHZ d)2000MHZ. 2. Yagi-Uda antenna consists of----a) Folded Dipole b) Reflector C) Director d) All above 3. The radiation resistance of folded dipole of equal radii is---------a) 657Ohms b) 292 Ohms C) 300 Ohms d) 277 Ohms 4. The radiation resistance of folded dipole of unequal radii (r 2 =2r 1 ) is---------a) 657Ohms b) 292 Ohms C) 300 Ohms d) 277 Ohms 5. The helix is having the geometry of -----------a) Straight wire b) Circle C) Cylinder d) All above. 6. The radiation pattern of helix in Axial mode is----------a) Bi directional b) Uni directional C) 4 lobed d)Omni directional 7. The radiation pattern of helix in Normal mode is----------a) Bi directional b) Uni directional C) 4 lobed d) Omni directional 8. In Normal mode of operation the length of the helix is------------a) >λ b) <λ C) =λ d) None 9. In Axial mode of operation the length of the helix is------------a) >λ b) <λ C) =λ d) None 10. Horn antennas used in the frequency range of---------a) VHF b) UHF C) SHF d) MW
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS 1.Frii’s transmission formula is_____________ Comparision method for measurement of antenna gain is also called as ___ The formula for gain of an antenna using comparision method is___ In two antenna method the assumption is ____ In the case of circular or elliptical polarization's the total antenna gain is given by_____ Unit – 5
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Micro strip antenna was first introduced by ............. A). Marconi B). Hertz
C).
Munson D). Cassegrain 2. The widely used shape for patch antennas is ............. A). Rectangular B). Circular C). Elliptical D).Parabolic 3. The efficiency of Micro strip antenna is ...................... A). High B). Very high C). infinite D). Low 4. For square corner reflector the flaring angle is......................... A). 30 degrees B). 60 degrees C). 90 degrees D). 180 degrees 5. The no. of images formed for a square corner reflector, using method of images are... A). 3 B). 5 C). 7 D). 6 6. The no. of images formed for a 30 degrees corner reflector, using method of Images are........... A). 3 B). 5 C). 7 D). 6 7. The no. of images formed for a 60 degrees corner reflector, using method of Images is........... A). 3 B). 5 C). 7 D). 6 8. A single narrow beam of radiation results in square corner reflector for Spacing of s=........... A). 2λ B). λ 3λ/2 D). λ/2 9. Two narrow beams of radiation results in square corner reflector for spacing of s=......... A). 2λ B). λ 3λ/2 D). λ/2 10. Three narrow beams of radiation results in square corner reflector for Spacing of s=........... A). 2λ B). λ 3λ/2 D). λ/2
C).
C).
C).
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS The horizon of the earth, d0 is given by----In ground or surface wave propagation the electric field at the receiving point is given by is given by…………. In free space the power received is given by Pr=… The basic path loss for general communication is given by The relation between Critical Frequency and MUF is…
XII. WEBSITES: 1.https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijap/ 2.https://india.oup.com/product/antennas-and-wave-propagation 3.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org 4. https://www.radio-electronics.com/info/antennas/ XIII: EXPERT DETAILS: 1. Prof.Girish Kumar-IIT-Bombay 2.Prof. M. Gopal, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Delhi 3.Prof. S.D. Agashe, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Bombay
4.Prof. S. Majhi, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Guwahati 5.Dr. Indrani Kar, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Guwahati XIV:JOURNALS: Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP) Journal of Modeling and Simulation of Antennas and propagation International Journal of Antennas and Propagation Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications XV: LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS: Different types of antennas and their application Basic antenna parameters Natural current distributions and far field patterns of thin center fed antennas of different lengths Arrays of two isotropic sources-different cases—Principles of pattern multiplication BSAs with non-uniform amplitude distribution-Binomial arrays Yagi-Uda array-Its characteristics and design equations Helical antennas—Its characteristics, uses, and design equations Horn antennas—types, Fermat’s principle, equations for optimum horns Micro strip antenna –characteristics-impact of different parameters on its characteristics Paraboloidal reflector antennas-Its geometry ,design considerations and its uses XVI:CASE STUDIES/Mini PROJECTS: Deg of Helical Antenna. Deg of Horn Antenna. Deg of Dipole Antenna. Deg of Micro strip Antenna. Design a lens structure
Department of Electronics and communication Engineering BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Ibrahimpatnam -501 510, Hyderabad
ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION(EC601 PC) COURSE PLANNER (MOOC-NPTEL) https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc19_ee19/ COURSE OVERVIEW: The course covers the basics of the antenna parameters, retarded potential, radiated power, radiation resistance, gain and directivity of thin linear wire antennas, VHF, UHF and microwave antennas like Yagi - Uda, Helical antenna, reflector antenna, micro strip antenna, and lens antenna, antenna arrays broadside and end fire, antenna measurements to measure the antenna parameters, wireless communication maintained through ground, space and sky. II.PREREQUISITE: 1.Basic knowledge of Electromagnetic Waves. III:COURSE OBJECTIVES: 1.
2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
To understand the concept of radiation, antenna definitions and significance of antenna parameters, to derive and analyze the radiation characteristics of thin wire dipole antennas and solve numerical problems. To distinguish between UHF, VHF and Microwave Antennas, their requirements, specifications, characteristics and design relations. To analyze the characteristics of yagi-uda antennas, helical antennas, pyramidal horns, microstrip patch antennas and parabolic reflectors and identify the requirements to facilitate their design. To identify the antenna array requirements, to determine the characteristics of ULAs and estimate the patterns of BSA, EFA, and Binomial Arrays. To understand the concepts and set-up requirements for microwave measurements, and familiarize with the procedure to enable antenna measurements To define and distinguish between different phenomenon of wave propagation (ground wave, space wave and sky wave), their frequency dependence, and estimate their characteristics, identifying their profiles and parameters involved.
IV:Course Outcomes: S.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Description
Explain the mechanism of radiation, distinguish between different antenna characteristic parameters, establish their mathematical relations,Distinguish between short dipoles, half-wave dipoles, quarter-wave mono poles and small loops, configure their current distributions, Characterize the antennas based on frequency, configure the geometry and establish the radiation patterns of folded dipole, Yagi-Uda Antenna, Helical Antennas, Horn Antennas, and to acquire the knowledge of their analysis, design and development. Analyze a microstrip rectangular patch antenna and a parabolic reflector antenna, identify the requirements and relevant feed structure, carry out the design and establish their patterns. Carry out the Linear Array Analysis, estimate the array factor and characteristics and sketch the pattern for 2-element array, N-element BSA, EFA, modified EFA, Binomial Arrays Classify the different wave propagation mechanisms, identify their frequency ranges, determine the characteristic
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level L2:Understand & L4:Analyze
L2:Understand & L5:Evaluate
L2:Understand & L4:Analyze L3: Apply & L4:Analyze
L2:Understand &
features of ground wave, ionospheric wave, space wave, duct and tropospheric propagations, and estimate the parameters involved.
L3: Apply
V: HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED: PO’s Program Outcomes (PO) PO 1
PO2
PO 3
PO 4
PO 5
PO 6
PO 7
PO 8 PO 9 PO 10
PO 11
PO 12
Level
Proficiency assessed by
Engineering knowledge: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
3
3
Seminars, Discussions
The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
2
Projects
2
Projects
--
----
3
Projects
2
Seminars /Presentations
3
Projects
3
Competitive Examinations
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium)
3: Substantial (High)
Assignments 3
Hands on Practice Sessions
3 Lab Sessions 3
- : None
Assignments Exercises
&
VI: HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED: PSO’s
Program Specific Outcomes (PSO)
Level
PSO 1
Professional Skills: An ability to understand the basic concepts in Electronics & Communication Engineering and to apply them to various areas, like Electronics, Communications, Signal processing, VLSI, Embedded systems etc., in the design and implementation of complex systems. Problem-Solving Skills: An ability to solve complex Electronics and communication Engineering problems, using latest hardware and software tools, along with analytical skills to arrive cost effective and appropriate solutions.
1
Successful Career and Entrepreneurship: An understanding of social-awareness & environmental-wisdom along with ethical responsibility to have a successful career and to sustain ion and zeal for real-world applications using optimal resources as an Entrepreneur.
2
PSO 2
PSO 3
Proficiency assessed by Lectures, Assignments
2 Projects
Experiments / Projects
VII:MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES: Co u rs e O ut co m es CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5 Aver age: Rou nded
Program Specific Outcomes (PSO)
Program Outcomes (PO)
PO 1
PO 2
PO 3
PO 4
PO 5
PO 6
PO 7
PO 8
PO 9
PO10
1 1 2 2 2 1.6
3 2 3 2 1 2.2
2 3 1 1 2 1.8
2 3 3 2 2.0
3 1 2 2 1.6
2 2 2 1 1.4
2 2 2 2 2 2.0
------
2 1 2 2 1 1.6
2 1 2 1 2 1.6
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
--
2
2
PO1 1
PO 12
PSO 1
PSO 2
PSO 3
1 2 2 1 1 1.4
1 1 2 1 2 1.4
3 1
1 3 1
1 1 1.6
3 2.0
2 1 1 1 1 1.2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
VIII: JNTUH SYLLABUS: UNIT - I Antenna Basics: Introduction, Basic Antenna Parameters – Patterns, Beam Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity-Gain-Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Effective Height, Illustrative Problems. Fields from Oscillating Dipole,
Field Zones, Front - to-back Ratio, Antenna Theorems, Radiation, Retarded Potentials – Helmholtz Theorem Thin Linear Wire Antennas – Radiation from Small Electric Dipole, Quarter Wave Monopole and Half Wave Dipole – Current Distributions, Field Components, Radiated Power, Radiation Resistance, Beam Width, Directivity, Effective Area and Effective Height, Natural Current Distributions, Far Fields and Patterns of Thin Linear Centre-fed Antennas of Different Lengths, Illustrative Problems. Loop Antennas - Introduction, Small Loop, Comparison of Far Fields of Small Loop and Short Dipole, Radiation Resistances and Directivities of Small Loops (Qualitative Treatment). UNIT - II VHF, UHF and Microwave Antennas - I : Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi-Uda Array, Folded Dipoles and their Characteristics, Helical Antennas – Helical Geometry, Helix Modes, Practical Design Considerations for Mono filar Helical Antenna in Axial and Normal Modes, Horn Antennas – Types, Fermat’s Principle, Optimum Horns, Design Considerations of Pyramidal Horns, Illustrative Problems. UNIT - III VHF, UHF and Microwave Antennas - II: Microstrip Antennas – Introduction, Features, Advantages and Limitations, Rectangular Patch Antennas – Geometry and Parameters, Characteristics of Microstrip Antennas. Reflector Antennas – Introduction, Flar Sheet and Corner Reflectors, Paraboloidal Reflectors – Geometry, Pattern Characteristics, Feed Methods, Reflector Types – Related Features, Illustrative Problems. UNIT - IV Antenna Arrays: Point Sources – Definition, Patterns, arrays of 2 Isotropic Sources - Different Cases, Principle of Pattern Multiplication, Uniform Linear Arrays – Broadside Arrays, End fire Arrays, EFA with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their Characteristics and Comparison, BSAs with Non-uniform Amplitude Distributions – General Considerations and Binomial Arrays, Illustrative Problems. Antenna Measurements: Introduction, Concepts - Reciprocity, Near and Far Fields, Coordinate System, Sources of Errors. Patterns to be Measured, Directivity Measurement, Gain Measurements (by Comparison, Absolute and 3-Antenna Methods) UNIT - V Wave Propagation – I: Introduction, Definitions, Categorizations and General Classifications, Different Modes of Wave Propagation, Ray/Mode Concepts, Ground Wave Propagation (Qualitative Treatment) – Introduction, Plane Earth Reflections, Space and Surface Waves, Wave Tilt, Curved Earth Reflections. Space Wave Propagation – Introduction, Field Strength Variation with Distance and Height, Effect of Earth’s Curvature, Absorption, Super Refraction, M-Curves and Duct Propagation, Scattering Phenomena, Tropospheric Propagation. Wave Propagation – II: Sky Wave Propagation – Introduction, Structure of Ionosphere, Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves by Ionosphere, Ray Path, Critical Frequency, MUF, LUF, OF, Virtual Height and Skip Distance, Relation between MUF and Skip Distance, Multi-hop Propagation TEXT BOOKS: Antennas and Wave Propagation – J.D. Kraus, R.J. Marhefka and Ahmad S. Khan, MC GRAW HILL EDUCATION, New Delhi, 4th ed., (Special Indian Edition),
2010. 2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd ed., 2000. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Antenna Theory - C.A. Balanis, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Ed., 2005. 2. Antennas and Wave Propagation – K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech India Publications, New Delhi, 2001. MOOC-NPTEL LINK: https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc19_ee19/
IX:LESSON PLAN-COURSE SCHEDULE: S e s s i o n
W e e k
U n i t
1. 2. 3.
I
I
Topics
Course Learning outcomes
Basic Antenna Parameters Patterns Beam Area, Radiation Intensity
To Know and understand the shapes of the radiation patterns. To understand and analyze the elemental field characteristics of antenna To understand Beam Efficiency, Directivty. To analyze the Antenna Apertures,Effective Height To understand Fields from Oscillating Dipole To understand and analyze the elemental field characteristics of antenna To understand the Antenna Theorems and laws To understand & Evaluate Radiation potentials To understand & Evaluate Retarded potentials To understand the Antenna Theorems and laws To understand and analyze the elemental field characteristics of antenna To evaluate the Current Distributions in Quarterwave Monopole To evaluate the Current Distributions in Halfwave
5.
Beam Efficiency, Directivty-Gain-Resolution Antenna Apertures,Effective Height and Related Problems. Fields from Oscillating Dipole
6.
Field zones,Front-to-back ratio
7.
Antenna Theorems
4.
8.
II
I
Radiation potentials
9.
Retarded potentials
10.
Helmholtz Theorm & Problems
11.
Thin Linear Wire Antennas: Radiation from Small Electric Dipole Quarterwave MonopoleCurrent Distributions
12. 13.
III
I
Halfwave Dipole- Current Distributions
Refer ence
Teaching Methodlogy
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
PPT
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
14.
Field Components
15.
Radiated Power
16.
Radiation Resistance
17.
Beamwidths, Directivity
18. IV
I
19.
Effective Area, Effective Height and Natural current distributions Fields and patterns of Thin Linear Center- fed Antennas of Different Lengths
20.
Loop Antennas - Introduction
21.
Small Loop Antenna
22. 23.
Comparison of Far Fields of Small Loop and Short Dipole
V
I
24.
Directivities of Small and Large Loops
25.
Illustrative Problems
26. 27. 28.
Radiation Resistances of Small and Large Loops
VI
II
29. 30.
VHF, UHF AND Microwave Antennas - I: Arrays with Parasitic Elements Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi - Uda Arrays, Folded Dipoles their characteristics. Helical Antennas – Significance, Geometry, basic properties Design considerations for mono filar helical antennas in Axial Mode and Normal Modes.
31.
Horn Antennas - Types
32.
Fermat s Principle
33. 34.
VII
II
Optimum Horns Design Considerations of Pyramidal Horns
Dipole To understand and analyze the elemental field characteristics of antenna To understand and analyze the elemental field characteristics of antenna To evaluate the Radiation Resistance of an antenna To evaluate theBeamwidths, Directivity To evaluate the Effective Area, Effective Height and Natural current distributions To evaluate the Fields and patterns of Thin Linear Centerfed Antennas of Different Lengths To know the characteristics of loop antenna. To know the characteristics of small loop antenna. To understand the Comparison of Far Fields of Small Loop and Short Dipole To Analyze the Radiation Resistances of Small and Large Loops To Analyze the Directivities of Small and Large Loops To Analyze and apply the characteristics of loop antenna. To Understand the characteristics of multi elemental antennas. To Understand the characteristics of multi elemental antennas. To know the characteristics of Helical antenna. To know design characteristics of helical antenna To know the design characteristics of helical antennas in Axial Mode and Normal Modes. To know the design characteristics of Horn antenna. To Understand Fermat s Principle To Understand the Optimum Horns To Analyze the Design Considerations of Pyramidal Horns
T1
PPT
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
PPT
T1
PPT
T1
PPT
T1
PPT
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
PPT
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
PPT
T1
Chalk-Talk
35. 36.
MOCK TEST - I
37. 38.
VIII
III
To know the basics of Microstrip Antennas To Understand the Features, Advantages and Limitations To Analyze Rectangular Patch Antennas - Geometry and Parameters To Understand the Characteristics of Microstrip Antennas
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
PPT
T1
PPT
T1
Chalk-Talk
To Understand the Impact of Different Parameters on Characteristics To understand the reflector type of antennas
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
To understand the Paraboloidal Reflectors of antennas
T1
Chalk-Talk
To understand the Characteristics of reflector antennas
T1
Chalk-Talk
Lens Antennas - Introduction,
To understand the lens antenna
Geometry of Nonmetallic Dielectric Lenses
To
T1 T1
Chalk-Talk Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
To understand the point Sources - Definition, Pattern To understand the Arrays of 2 Isotropic Sources - Different Cases To Analyze the Uniform Linear Arrays - Broadside Arrays, Endfire Arrays To Analyze the EFA with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their Characteristics and Comparision
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
PPT
T1
PPT
To understand the BSAs with Non-unitform Amplitude Distributions
T1
Chalk-Talk
To know the Antenna Measurements
T1
Chalk-Talk
Microstrip Antennas Introduction Features, Advantages and Limitations Rectangular Patch Antennas Geometry and Parameters
39.
Characteristics of Microstrip Antennas
40. 41.
BRIDGE CLASS-1
42.
Reflector Antennas Introdcution, Flar Sheet and Corner Reflectors Paraboloidal Reflectors Geometry, Pattern Characteristics Feed Methods, Reflector Types - Related Features
43.
Impact of Different Parameters on Characteristics
IX
III
44. 45. 46. 47.
BRIDGE CLAS-2
48.
Geometry of Nonmetallic Dielectric Lenses
X
III
49.
Zoning, Tolerances, Applications. BRIDGE CLAS-3
50. 51. 52. 53.
XI
IV
54.
55. 56.
the lens
antenna To understand the operation lens antenna To understand the characteristics lens antenna
BRIDGE CLAS-4
XII 57.
Antenna Arrays: Point Sources - Definition, Pattern Arrays of 2 Isotropic Sources Different Cases, Principle of Pattern Multiplication Uniform Linear Arrays Broadside Arrays, Endfire Arrays EFA with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their Characteristics and Comparision
understand operation
IV
BSAs with Non-unitform Amplitude Distributions General Considerations and Binomial Arrays, Antenna Measurements: Introduction, Concepts Reciprocity, Near and Far Fields
58.
Coordinate System, Sources of Errors. Patterns to be Measured
59.
60. 61.
62.
63.
XIII
V
Pattern Measurement Arrangement, Directivity Measurement, Gain Measurements Mock Test-2 Wave Propagation I: Introduction, Definitions, Categorizations and General Classifications Different Modes of Wave Propagation, Ray/Mode Concepts, Ground Wave Propagation Plane Earth Reflections, Space and Surface Waves, Wave Tilt
64.
Curved Earth Reflections, Space Wave Propagation - Introduction
65. 66.
BRIDGE CLAS-5
67.
Absorption, Super retraction, M-Curves and Duct ropagation,Scattering Phenomena, Tropospheric Propagation. Sky Wave Propagation Introduction-Structure of Ionosphere, Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves by Ionosphere
68.
Field Strength Variation with Distance and Height, Effect of Earth's Curvature
XIV
V
69.
Structure of Ionosphere, Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves by Ionosphere
70. 71.
74. 75.
T1
Chalk-Talk
T1
Chalk-Talk
To Understand the Wave Propagation
T1 & PPT T2
To Understand the Different Modes of Wave Propagation
T1 & Chalk-Talk T2
To analyze the Plane Earth Reflections, Space and Surface Waves, Wave Tilt To analyze the urved Earth Reflections, Space Wave Propagation - Introduction
T1 & Chalk-Talk T2
To Understand the Field Strength Variation with Distance and Height, Effect of Earth's Curvature To Understand the Absorption, Super retraction, M-Curves and Duct ropagation
T1 & Chalk-Talk T2
To Understand the Sky Wave Propagation - Introduction
T1 & PPT T2
To know the Structure of Ionosphere, Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves by Ionosphere
T1 & PPT T2
T1 & PPT T2
T1 & Chalk-Talk T2
BRIDGE CLAS-6
T1 T2 T1 OF, Virtual Height and Skip To Understand the OF, Virtual Height and Skip Distance Distance T2 To Establish the Relation T1 Relation between MUF and skip between MUF and skip Distance Distance T2 To Understand the Multi-hop T1 Multi-hop Propagation. Propagation. T2 Ray Path, Frequency,MUF, LUF
72. 73.
To understand theoordinate System, Sources of Errors. Patterns to be Measured To Analyze the Pattern Measurement Arrangement, Directivity Measurement
XV
V
BRIDGE CLAS-7
X:QUESTION BANK: (JNTUH) DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS:
Critical
To Understand the Ray Path, Critical Frequency,MUF, LUF
& PPT & Chalk-Talk & Chalk-Talk & Chalk-Talk
UNIT-I ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS S.No
1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12 13 1 2
QUESTION
Define an antenna? Describe the meant by radiation pattern? Define Radiation intensity? Define Beam efficiency? Define Directivity? Describe the different types of aperture? Define different types of aperture? Define Aperture efficiency? Describe the meant by effective height? Describe the field zones? Define antenna efficiency? LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Blooms taxonomy level
Course Outcom e 1 1
Analyze Analyze
1 1 1 1
Understand
1 1
Analyze
1
Understand Understand
1 1
Explain the retarded vector potential in detail? Derive an expression for the power radiated by the current element and calculate the radiation resistance? Derive an expression for the far field component of a half wave dipole of an antenna? Derive the total power radiated by half wave dipole?
Understand Analyze
1 1
Analyze
1
5 6
Show that the radiation resistance of a half wave dipole is 73Ohms? Derive an expression for the electric field and magnetic field due to a current element at a distance point in free space?
Understand
1 1 1 1
7
Derive an expression for the gain of half wave dipole?
Understand
1 1
8
Derive FRIIS transmission formula and explain its significance?
Understand
9
Derive an expression for power radiated by an isotropic antenna?
Understand
1 1 1
Derive the relation between directivity and beam solid angle?
1
3 4
10
UNIT -2 VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - I SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS S. No.
Question
1 2 3 4
Describe the the Special feature of folded dipole antennas? Describe the Advantages of folded dipole? Describe the Application of folded dipole? Describe the a axial mode of helix antenna
Blooms Taxonomy Level Understand
Course Outcome 2 2 2 2
5 6 7. 8 9 10
Discriminate the axial mode with Normal Mode Describe the parameters to be considered for the design of a helical antenna Describe the characteristics of Yagi uda antenna? Describe the different types of horn antennas used in practicalapplications Describe the mean by fermat’s principle Describe the advantages horn antennas
Understand Apply Understand Understand
2 2 2 2 2 2
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Question
Explain the special features of various types of Horn antennas With a suitable diagram, discuss the construction and operation of aYagi-Uda antenna? Explain in detail the working principle of Helical antenna in Normal mode Explain the principle of operation and applications of folded dipoles? Draw The Helical Antenna With Neat Geometry. Explain in detail the working principle of Helical antenna in Axial mode Explain About the Design Considerations Of Pyramidal Horn Antenna. Explain the Working Principle of Horn Antenna. Derive the Voltage and Current Relations in Parasitic Elements. Classify the Types of Horn Antennas with neat Geometry
UNIT-3: VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - II SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS S. Question No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Describe the features of Patch antennas Describe the different types of reflector antennas Define F/D ratio? List Out the advantages of strip antennas Describe the drawbacks of parabolic reflector antenna Write the formula for centre frequency of patch antenna List out all the Microwave Antennas List the Applications of reflector antennas Describe the features of micro strip antennas Discuss the effect of Substrate on the radiation of Patch antenna
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Question
Describe the features of micro strip antennas? Describe the advantages and limitations of strip antennas? Explain the characteristics of micro strip antennas? Explain advantages and disadvantages of corner and flat sheet reflectors? Explain feed methods of parabolic reflector in detail? Describe types lens antennas? Explain? A parabolic reflector antenna with diameter 20 m, is designed to operate at frequency of 6GHz and illumination efficiency of 0.54. Calculate antenna Estimate the diameter of a parabolic reflector required to produce a beam of5 width at 1.2GHz. How would you make this reflector? Describe the feed methods of rectangular strip antennas?
Blooms Taxonomy Level Evaluate Analyze Evaluate Evaluate Evaluate Evaluate Analyze Analyze Analyze Analyze
Course Outcome 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Blooms Taxonomy Level Understand Understand Understand Understand Apply Understand Understand
Course Outcome
Blooms Taxonomy Level Evaluate Understand Understand Understand Analyze Analyze Apply
Course Outcome
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Appl
3
3
10
Calculate the directivity and power gain of an optimum horn antenna with asquare of 10 λ on a side.
UNIT-IV ANTENNA ARRAYS& MEASUREMENTS S. Question No. 1 Describe the point source. 2 Describe the meant by array. 3 Describe the meant by uniform linear array. 4 List out the types of array 5 Describe the Broad side array 6 Describe the End fire array 7 Describe the collinear array 8 Describe the parasitic array 9 Describe the Sources of Error in brief 10 Differentiate broad side and End fire array SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Write short notes on various forms of arrays i. Broad side array ii. End fire array ii. Collinear array iv. Parasitic array? Explain the Radiation Pattern Measurement with Neat Sketch. Explain the Gain Measurement by 3-Antenna Method with Neat Sketch. Explain the Sources of Error while doing the Measurement. Explain the Directivity Measurement with Neat Sketch. Write detail notes on Binomial arrays Explain the principle of Pattern multiplication? Derive the expression for the far field pattern of an array of 2 – isotropic point sources i) Equal amplitude and phase ii) Equal amplitude. Explain the Gain Measurement by Comparison Method with Neat Sketch. Generalize the Concept of Dolph Tchebyscheffs Array.
UNIT-V Wave propagation SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Question
Question
Define Ground wave? Describe the types of Ground waves Describe the Space Wave in detail Describe Surface Wave in detail Describe the Ray Path. Explain Skip Distance? Describe the Scattering Phenomena. Define LUF? Describe maximum Usable Frequency? Describe The concept of Virtual Height.
Apply
3
Blooms Taxonomy Level Understand Understand Understand Understand Understand Understand
Course Outcome
Blooms Taxonomy Level Apply
Course Outcome
Analyze Evaluate Evaluate Apply Apply
Blooms Taxonomy Level Understand Understand Understand Understand Understand Understand Understand
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Course Outcome 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Question
Blooms Taxonomy Level
Describe and Distinguish between the – (i) Critical Frequency &MUF (ii) Virtual Height and Skip Distance. Derive the Relation Between Skip Distance and MUF Explain the Effect of Earth’s Curvature and Absorption Explain the Concept of Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves by Ionosphere Sketch and Explain the Field Strength Variation of Space wave with Distance and Antenna Height Explain the duct propagation and M-Curves in detail? Explain the Significance of E And F Layers of Ionosphere,And for the Multi Hop Propagation Derive the Curved Earth Reflections in Ground Wave Propagation Derive the Plane Earth Reflections in Ground Wave Propagation Describe the Following in Detail (i)Critical Frequency(ii)Super Refraction
Understand Analyze Analyze Understand Apply Apply Analyze Understand
Course Outcome 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
XI :I-ASSIGNEMNT QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Question
Derive an expression for power radiated by an isotropic antenna? Explain the retarded vector potential in detail? With a suitable diagram, discuss the construction and operation of aYagi-Uda antenna? Explain About the Design Considerations Of Pyramidal Horn Antenna. Describe the features of micro strip antennas?
Blooms Taxonomy Level Understand Understand Analyze
Course Outcome
Analyze Evaluate
2 3
1 1 2
II- ASSIGNEMNT QUESTIONS S. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Question
Explain feed methods of parabolic reflector in detail? Derive the expression for the far field pattern of an array of 2 – isotropic point sources i) Equal amplitude and phase ii) Equal amplitude. Write short notes on various forms of arrays i. Broad side array ii. End fire array ii. Collinear array iv. Parasitic array? Describe and Distinguish between the – (i) Critical Frequency &MUF (ii) Virtual Height and Skip Distance. Describe the Following in Detail (i)Critical Frequency(ii)Super Refraction
Blooms Taxonomy Level Analyze Apply Apply Understand
UNIT – 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Antennas convert ----------------------to--------------------a) Photons to electrons b) Electrons to photons d) None 2. Antennas are of -------------- types a) Two b) Four
c) Both a and b
c) Infinite
Course Outcome 3 4 4 5 5
d) None 3. Which of the following is true a) Time changing current radiates b) Accelerated charges radiates c) Both a and b 4. Radiation pattern is ---------------- dimensional quantity Two b) Three d) None 5. ------------- is also called as 3-dB bandwidth a) FNBW b) HPBW c) Both a and b d) None 6. One steradian is equal to --------------- square degrees a) 360 b) 180 d) 41,253 7. --------------is independent of distance a) Pointing vector b) Radiation intensity c) Both a and b d) None 8. The minimum value of the directivity of an antenna is.......... a) Unity b) Zero d) None 9. Directivity is inversely proportional to......... a) HPBW b) FNBW c) Beam area d) Beam width 10. Gain is always -------------than directivity a) Greater b) Lesser c) Equal to d) None
d) None c) Single
c) 3283
c) Infinite
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS The Eθ Component of current element is given by-----------The Er Component of current element is given by-----------The HΦ Component of current element is given by---------The main application of Loop Antenna is---------------------The Directivity of Loop Antenna is_--------------------------UNIT – 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Alternating current element is given by a) I dl b) I dl cosωt c) I dl sinωt d) I 2. ---------potential is used to find the field components of current element a) Scalar Potential, V b) Vector Potential, A c) Both a and b d) None 3. -------- is basic building block for any practical antenna a) Current element b) Monopole c) Dipole d) Loop 4. The H Φ Component will consists of----------field. a) Radiation b) Induction c) Both a and b d) All 5. The E θ Component will consists of---------a) Radiation b) Induction c) Electro static d) All 6. The E r Component will consists of---------a) Induction b) Electro static c) Both a and b d) All 7. The induction and radiation fields of current element are equal at distance of ------
a) λ/2
b) λ/4 d) λ/10 8. The radiation resistance of current element is given by a) R r = 80П 2 (dl/λ) 2 b) R r = 20П 2 (dl/λ) 2 d) None 9. The radiation resistance of short dipole is given by a) R r = 80П 2 (dl/λ) 2 b) R r = 20П 2 (dl/λ) 2 d) None 10. The radiation resistance of short monopole is given by a) R r = 80П 2 (dl/λ) 2 b) R r = 20П 2 (dl/λ) 2 d) None
c) λ/6
c) R r = 10П (dl/λ)
c) R r = 10П (dl/λ)
c) R r = 10П (dl/λ)
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS Hansen-Wood yard Array is a -----------------array The currents in Non linear are -------------Binomial array was invented byThe amplitudes will be ----------- in the resultant pattern using principle of multiplication of Patterns The phases will be ----------- in the resultant pattern using principle of multiplication of Patterns. UNIT – 3
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. If the individual antennas of the array are spaced equally along a straight line. Then It is ------------array. a) Linear. b) Non-Linear. c) Both a and b. d) None. 2. Linear array is a system of ------spaced elements. a) Un equally. b) equally. c) Both a and b. d) None. 3. In a Uniform Linear array all elements are fed with current of ----------amplitude a) Equal. b) Unequal. c) Both a and b. d) None. 4. In a Broad side array the radiation is along----------a) X-direction. b) Y-direction. c) Both a and b. d) None. 5. In a end- fire array the radiation is along ----------a) X-direction. b) Y-direction. c) Both a and b. d) None. 6. In increased end- fire array the radiation is along----------a) X-direction. b) Y-direction. c) Both a and b. d) None. 7. Which array is also called as Hansen-Woodyard array. a) Broad side. b) End-fire. c) Increased End-Fired) None 8. Which array is also called as Stone’s array. a) Broad side. b) End-fire. c) Increased End-Fire. d) Binomial. 9. Hansen-Wood yard array is a --------array a) Linear. b) Non-Linear. c) Both a and b. d) None. 10. Stone’s array is a --------array a) Linear. b) Non-Linear. c) Both a and b. d) None.
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS Radiation pattern of Yagi-Uda array is--------directional Helical antenna was invented by---------The path difference in horn antennas must be-The horn antennas are used in the frequency range of The impedance of wave guides will be ----------than Transmission lines. UNIT – 4
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Microwave frequency range is------a) Above 30MHZ b) Above 300MHZ C) Above 00MHZ d)2000MHZ. 2. Yagi-Uda antenna consists of----a) Folded Dipole b) Reflector C) Director d) All above 3. The radiation resistance of folded dipole of equal radii is---------a) 657Ohms b) 292 Ohms C) 300 Ohms d) 277 Ohms 4. The radiation resistance of folded dipole of unequal radii (r 2 =2r 1 ) is---------a) 657Ohms b) 292 Ohms C) 300 Ohms d) 277 Ohms 5. The helix is having the geometry of -----------a) Straight wire b) Circle C) Cylinder d) All above. 6. The radiation pattern of helix in Axial mode is----------a) Bi directional b) Uni directional C) 4 lobed d)Omni directional 7. The radiation pattern of helix in Normal mode is----------a) Bi directional b) Uni directional C) 4 lobed d) Omni directional 8. In Normal mode of operation the length of the helix is------------a) >λ b) <λ C) =λ d) None 9. In Axial mode of operation the length of the helix is------------a) >λ b) <λ C) =λ d) None 10. Horn antennas used in the frequency range of---------a) VHF b) UHF C) SHF d) MW
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS 1.Frii’s transmission formula is_____________ Comparision method for measurement of antenna gain is also called as ___ The formula for gain of an antenna using comparision method is___ In two antenna method the assumption is ____ In the case of circular or elliptical polarization's the total antenna gain is given by_____ Unit – 5
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Micro strip antenna was first introduced by ............. A). Marconi B). Hertz
C).
Munson D). Cassegrain 2. The widely used shape for patch antennas is ............. A). Rectangular B). Circular C). Elliptical D).Parabolic 3. The efficiency of Micro strip antenna is ...................... A). High B). Very high C). infinite D). Low 4. For square corner reflector the flaring angle is......................... A). 30 degrees B). 60 degrees C). 90 degrees D). 180 degrees 5. The no. of images formed for a square corner reflector, using method of images are... A). 3 B). 5 C). 7 D). 6 6. The no. of images formed for a 30 degrees corner reflector, using method of Images are........... A). 3 B). 5 C). 7 D). 6 7. The no. of images formed for a 60 degrees corner reflector, using method of Images is........... A). 3 B). 5 C). 7 D). 6 8. A single narrow beam of radiation results in square corner reflector for Spacing of s=........... A). 2λ B). λ 3λ/2 D). λ/2 9. Two narrow beams of radiation results in square corner reflector for spacing of s=......... A). 2λ B). λ 3λ/2 D). λ/2 10. Three narrow beams of radiation results in square corner reflector for Spacing of s=........... A). 2λ B). λ 3λ/2 D). λ/2
C).
C).
C).
FILL IN THE BLANKS QUESTIONS The horizon of the earth, d0 is given by----In ground or surface wave propagation the electric field at the receiving point is given by is given by…………. In free space the power received is given by Pr=… The basic path loss for general communication is given by The relation between Critical Frequency and MUF is…
XII. WEBSITES: 1.https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijap/ 2.https://india.oup.com/product/antennas-and-wave-propagation 3.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org 4. https://www.radio-electronics.com/info/antennas/ XIII: EXPERT DETAILS: 1. Prof.Girish Kumar-IIT-Bombay 2.Prof. M. Gopal, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Delhi 3.Prof. S.D. Agashe, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Bombay
4.Prof. S. Majhi, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Guwahati 5.Dr. Indrani Kar, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Guwahati XIV:JOURNALS: Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP) Journal of Modeling and Simulation of Antennas and propagation International Journal of Antennas and Propagation Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications XV: LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS: Different types of antennas and their application Basic antenna parameters Natural current distributions and far field patterns of thin center fed antennas of different lengths Arrays of two isotropic sources-different cases—Principles of pattern multiplication BSAs with non-uniform amplitude distribution-Binomial arrays Yagi-Uda array-Its characteristics and design equations Helical antennas—Its characteristics, uses, and design equations Horn antennas—types, Fermat’s principle, equations for optimum horns Micro strip antenna –characteristics-impact of different parameters on its characteristics Paraboloidal reflector antennas-Its geometry ,design considerations and its uses XVI:CASE STUDIES/Mini PROJECTS: Deg of Helical Antenna. Deg of Horn Antenna. Deg of Dipole Antenna. Deg of Micro strip Antenna. Design a lens structure
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