Anthelmintik 6j324a

ANTIPARASITIK

Parasite • A parasite is an organism that lives in or on

anotherorganism (the host) without contributing to the survival or well-being of the host. Helminthiasis (invasion of the body by helminths [worms]), malaria (an infectious disease caused by a protozoan and transmitted to humans through a bite from an infected mosquito), and amebiasis (invasion of the body by the ameba Entamoeba histolytica) are worldwide health problems caused by parasites.

Jenis-jenis cacing • Cacing gelang (ascaris lumbricoides) • Cacing kremi (oxyuris vermicularis) • Cacing tambang (Acylostoma duodnale) • Cacing pita (Taenia saginata/solium) • Cacing cambuk (Trichuris trichuria) • Cacing benang (Strongiloides stercolaris) • Filaria  filariasis • Schistosom cacing halus

Albendazole • Albendazole, interferes with the synthesis

of the parasite’s microtubules, resulting in death of susceptible larva. This drug is used to treat larval forms of pork tapeworm and to treat liver, lung, and peritoneum disease caused by the dog tapeworm.

Mebendazole • Mebendazole, blocks the uptake of glucose by

the helminth, resulting in a depletion of the helminth’s own glycogen. Glycogen depletion results in a decreased formation of adenosine triphosphate, which is required by the helminth for reproduction and survival. This drug is used to treat whipworm, pinworm, roundworm, American hookworm, and the common hookworm. Treatment with mebendazole may cause transient abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Pyrantel • The activity of pyrantel (Antiminth) is probably due to its ability to paralyze the helminth. Paralysis causes the helminth to release its grip on the intestinal wall; it is then excreted in the feces. Pyrantel is used to treat roundworm and pinworm. Some patients receiving pyrantel may experience gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, or diarrhea.

• Pyrantel is contraindicated in patients with known

hypersensitivity. Pyrantel is used with caution in individuals with liver dysfunction, malnutrition, or anemia. Pyrantel is a Pregnancy Category C drug and is used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit outweighs the risk to the fetus. Pyrantel and piperazine are antagonists and should not be given together.

Thiabendazole • The exact mechanism of action of thiabendazole • (Mintezol) is unknown. This drug appears to • •

• •

suppress egg or larval production and therefore may interrupt the life cycle of the helminth. Thiabendazole is used to treat threadworm. Thiabendazole may cause hypersensitivity reactions, drowsiness, and dizziness.

Thiabendazole • Thiabendazole is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity. Thiabendazole is used with caution in patients with hepatic or renal disease. Thiabendazole is a Pregnancy Category C drug and is used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit outweighs the risk to the fetus. When thiabendazole is istered with the xanthine derivatives, the plasma level of the xanthine may increase to toxic levels. It is important to monitor xanthine plasma levels closely in case a dosage reduction is necessary.

Albendazole • Albendazole is contraindicated in patients

with known hypersensitivity to the drug and during pregnancy (Category C). The drug has exhibited embryotoxic and teratogenic effects in experimental animals. Albendazole is used cautiously in patients with hepatic impairment and during lactation. The effects of albendazole are increased with dexamethasone and cimetidine.

Mebendazole • Mebendazole is contraindicated in patients

with known hypersensitivity. Mebendazole is also contraindicated during pregnancy (Category C). The drug, like albendazole, has exhibited embryotoxic and teratogenic effects in experimental animals. istration of mebendazole with the hydantoins and carbamazepine may reduce plasma levels of mebendazole.

• Albendazol Tab 400 mg

– Indikasi: Strogyloidiasis, Taeniasis, enterobiasis – KI: Pregnancy, lactation • Piperazin hexahydrat sirup 125mg/5ml – Indikasi: pinworm, roundworm – KI : renal failur • Pirantel pamoat – I : enterobiasis, ascaris, ankyulostomiasis, necatoriasis, trichostrongyliasis – AR : anorexia, headache – Tab 125, 250 mg, sirup 125mg/5ml

• Mebendazol 500 mg

– I; Trichuriasis, ascariiasis, oxyuriasis, ancylostomiasis – AR: GI Disturbances

• Levamizol tab 25 mg

– I: ascariasis, ankylostomiasis – AR: GI disturbances, headache