120 Ielts Speaking Topics Parts 1 2 3 513s18

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Content Lesson 1: Holidays ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Lesson 2: Relationships ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Lesson 3: Technology .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Lesson 4: Sport .................................................................................................................................................... 10 Lesson 5: Food .................................................................................................................................................... 12 Lesson 6: Education ........................................................................................................................................... 14 Lesson 7: Work .................................................................................................................................................... 17 Lesson 8: Health .................................................................................................................................................. 19 Lesson 9: Books and Films ................................................................................................................................. 21 Lesson 10: Accommodation ............................................................................................................................. 24 Lesson 11: Clothes and Fashion ....................................................................................................................... 26 Lesson 12: Personality ........................................................................................................................................ 29 Lesson 13: Business............................................................................................................................................. 31 Lesson 14: Physical Appearance ..................................................................................................................... 33 Lesson 15: Town and City .................................................................................................................................. 35 Lesson 16: Music ................................................................................................................................................. 38 Lesson 17: Weather ............................................................................................................................................ 40 Lesson 18: Shopping .......................................................................................................................................... 42 Lesson 19: Environment ..................................................................................................................................... 44 Lesson 20: Advertising ....................................................................................................................................... 47

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IELTS Topic Vocabulary Lesson 1: Holidays IELTS Holiday vocabulary You probably know the meaning of individual words like ‘flight’, ‘tour’ and ‘view’. However, the key to showcasing your advanced English is to show you are able to use these individual words in combination with other words to form set phrases and expressions. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: What kind of holiday do you like? Miguel: I try to avoid tourist traps … I like to get away from it all and prefer going somewhere off the beaten track … last year I had the holiday of a lifetime … a two week wildlife safari in Kenya. Examiner: What do you like to do when you’re on holiday? Anna: I enjoy visiting the local places of interest … I like to go sightseeing and always sign up for guided tours as it’s a chance to be shown around and take photographs … one of my hobbies. Examiner: Do you have many tourists in your country? Amy: Yes … we have a lot of holiday resorts along the coast that are popular with tourists … most people come on package holidays and stay in one of the many hotels and self-cateringapartments. Part 2-style task Describe a beautiful place you once visited. You should say:   

when you went to this place where it was who you went with 3

and say why you liked it so much. Sally: A few years ago I went on a long weekend to the Lake District in the UK … it’s a very popular holiday destination in the north of England … I went on my own and had a wonderful time … I stayed in a youth hostel and met some really nice people … but the most memorable thing about the holiday were the breathtaking views … and lovely picturesque villages … it can get very busy with hordes of tourists so I decided to go out of season in the autumn … the weather was fantastic and the shops were full of local crafts … a really great holiday … it’s certainly not the kind of short break for someone looking for a busy nightlife but if you want to relax in the middle of stunning landscape I would certainly recommend a holiday to the Lake District. Part 3-style questions Examiner: What do you think has led to the growth in the tourism industry? Miguel: It’s much easier and affordable to travel now … nowadays you can get cheap charter-flights or all-in packages … to somewhere near or to a far-off destination. Examiner: How do people tend to choose a destination? Anna: The Internet is a great source of information and high street travel agents are still very popular … that’s where I like to go to get holiday brochures for the place I’m interested in. Examiner: People sometimes say flying is the most glamorous form of travel. Do you agree? Amy: I’m not so sure really … flying can be quite boring … queuing up at the check-in desk … going through port control … sitting for ages in the departure lounge … then the flight itself can be quite uncomfortable … no … I’m not sure I agree. Definitions         

all-in package/package holiday: a holiday where you purchase the travel and accommodation together breathtaking view: an extremely beautiful view charter-flight: a cheaper form of flying than a scheduled flight check-in desk: the place at the airport where you for your flight and deposit your luggage departure lounge: where you wait for your flight to be called far-off destination: somewhere a long way away to get away from it all: to take a holiday to escape a busy or stressful lifestyle guided tour: an organised group shown around a place of interest by an expert holiday brochure: a glossy publication with details of holiday packages 4

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holiday destination: where you go for a holiday holiday of a lifetime: a special holiday that you are unlikely to repeat holiday resort: a place where lots of people go for a holiday hordes of tourists: crowds of tourists local crafts: objects produced locally long weekend: an extended weekend holiday including Friday or Monday out of season: outside of the main holiday period picturesque village: very pretty village port control: the place where your port is checked places of interest: sites of interest to tourists wildlife safari: a holiday, often in Africa, to observe wild animals self-catering: a holiday where you supply your own food short break: a short holiday to go sightseeing: to look around the tourist sites stunning landscape: extremely beautiful countryside travel agent: a shop that specialises in booking holidays tourist trap: somewhere where too many tourists go youth hostel: a cheap form of accommodation

Lesson 2: Relationships

IELTS Relationships vocabulary Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: Do you see your friends very often? Louisa: Yes … we meet up most weekends … we all get on really well and have a lot in common so we’re always happy doing the same things and going to the same places. Examiner: What do you like about your close friends? Anna: I think we enjoy each other’s company … we see eye-to-eye on most things so we rarely fall out with each other. Examiner: Have you known each other long? Amy: Most of them yes … although my closest friend Carrie … we struck up a relationship at college and got on like a house on fire … but yes … my other friendships go back years to when we were at school. 5

Part 2-style task Describe a person you are very close to. You should say:   

who this person is when you met them where you met them

and say what it is about them you like so much. Reiko: I’d like to talk about my boyfriend … Jose … we got to know each other at University almost 4 years ago … we were in the same department … initially we were just good friends and used to go out in a group with our other friends … when Jose went back to Spain for the holidays we would keep in touch with each other … then one year he invited me to come to Spain with him … and that’s when we fell for each other I think … so you couldn’t really say it was love at first sight as it had been over a year since we’d met … but we really hit it off and by the time we got back to university in September we were able to tell all our friends that we were in a relationship… what do I like about Jose … well he’s very kind … very funny … and very ive … and we’re really well matched in our interests … he hasn’t popped the question yet though … we’ve talked about getting married and I think we’re both ready to settle down and have children … we’ll just have to wait and see … Part 3-style questions Examiner: Do you think marriage is still as important as ever? Cristine: Yes … it certainly is in my country … I think the problem for some people is a lack of commitment … all relationships have their ups and downs …. but some people prefer to break uprather than working at the relationship. Examiner: What do you think is the ideal time to get married? Terry: Personally … I think you should wait until you’ve found yourself first … decided if you want a career … perhaps do some travelling … you should do this before tying the knot … although if you fall head over heels in love plans like these can easily be forgotten. Examiner: Is it important to keep in with our friends when we’re in a relationship? Maria: Absolutely … it’s so easy to drift apart from your friends when you fall in love … but I think both partners should try not to lose touch with their friends … that’s the best way to have a healthy relationship with your partner. Definitions 6

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to break up: to end a romantic relationship to drift apart: to become less close to someone to enjoy someone’s company: to like spending time with someone to fall for: to fall in love to fall head over heels in love: to start to love someone a lot to fall out with: to have a disagreement and stop being friends to get on like a house on fire: to like someone’s company very much indeed to get on well with: to understand someone and enjoy similar interests to get to know: to begin to know someone to go back years: to have known someone for a long time to have a lot in common: to share similar interests to have ups and downs: to have good and bad times a healthy relationship: a good, positive relationship to hit it off: to quickly become good friends with to be in a relationship: to be romantically involved with someone to be just good friends: to not be romantically involved to keep in touch with: to keep in with to lose touch with: to not see or hear from someone any longer love at first sight: to fall in love immediately you meet someone to pop the question: to ask someone to marry you to see eye to eye: to agree on a subject to settle down: to give up the single life and start a family to strike up a relationship: to begin a friendship to tie the knot: to get married to be well matched: to be similar to to work at a relationship: to try to maintain a positive relationship with someone

Lesson 3: Technology IELTS Technology vocabulary The subject of ‘Technology’ frequently comes up in the IELTS Speaking exam. You may be asked to talk about something you own, your favourite websites, how technology has impacted on education etc. You’ll need to show the examiner your ability to express yourself using as wide a range of vocabulary as possible. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: Do you enjoy using technology? Stephan: Well … I wouldn’t call myself a techie or a computer buff but I enjoy 7

using computers … I’d like to find out more about how they work … when my computer crashes I never know what to do. Examiner: Do you use the Internet for your studies? Sophie: Yes … I’d be lost without it … I do lots of video conferencing to practise speaking and social media like Facebook is a good way to meet up with other students … and I podcasts that teach English vocabulary and grammar. Examiner: Do you have your own computer? Tania: Yes … I have a Macbook Pro … I use it all the time … for word processing … browsing websites and catching up with TV programmes I’ve missed. Part 2-style task Describe an item of technology you have that is very important. You should say:   

what the technology is when you got it how often you use it

and say how different your daily life would be without it. Mattie: I don’t have many gadgets … just a computer … a laptop and my mobile phone … but I’ll talk about my computer as it’s so useful … it’s funny really … 2 years ago I was still learning to use computers … how to use email … send attachments how to access websites … then I decided to do a digital editing course for video and photography … and so I bought the laptop when I started the course … my husband had a desktop PC but it was very slow so I decided to a powerful one because we do a lot of video editing on the course … it’s a high-spec laptop … very fast … the latest operating system … it boots up really quickly and it’s fun to use so it makes working a pleasure … I’ve become a competent computer now … if I didn’t have it I daresay I’d have to spend more time at college using their computers … but on the positive side I suppose I’d read a lot more if I didn’t have it … I probably waste a lot of time surfing the web … but hopefully I won’t have to be without it … Part 3-style questions Examiner: What do you think are the important things people need to learn when they start using computers? Alejandro: Well … there are things like how to use the Internet … how to enter a web address … how to navigate websites … that kind of thing but it’s also 8

important to know how to back upyour files in case your computer crashes … and all about Internet security. Examiner: What kind of technological developments have made the biggest impact on our lives? Faydene: In my lifetime it has to be the Internet of course but I also think wifi has made a huge difference to how we interact with the Internet … wireless networks at home and public wifi hotspots mean we can go online easily … access our mail … to our work intranet and basically be connected wherever we are. Examiner: Do computers make it much easier to study? Jane: Definitely yes … researching information is much easier with the Internet .. you can bookmark webpages for future reference and writing essays is much easier … being able to cut and paste sections of text means you can experiment with organisation … so yes … compared to years ago when you had a pile of books on your desk and a pen and paper … it’s now much easier. Definitions                        

to access websites/email: to locate to back up files: to make a copy of files in case of a computer problem to boot up: to start a computer to bookmark a webpage: to mark a webpage for future reference to browse websites: to look at websites a computer buff: an expert computer to crash: to suddenly stop working to cut and paste: to move text or images from one place in a document to another place a desktop PC: a computer that isn’t portable and remains in situ on a desk digital editing: to edit digital materials like audio or video files (podcasts): to save a copy of a file from the internet to your own device to enter a web address: to type the address of a website into the address bar of your browser a gadget: a technological tool like a mobile phone or camera to go online: to start using the Internet high-spec (laptop): powerful computer with top quality components Internet security: Internet safety intranet: a network of connected computers within an organisation that is not accessible by unauthorised visitors to navigate a website: to find your way around a website operating system: the software that tells the computer how to work send an attachment: send an email with an accompanying file social media: media used to interact with other people such as Facebook or Twitter to surf the web: to look at a series of websites one after the other a techie: somebody who has an interest in technology to upgrade: to obtain a more powerful or feature-rich computer or piece of software 9

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video conferencing: to see and hear people from different locations using the Internet wireless hotspot: a public place where you can access the Internet wireless network: a network where s can access the Internet without the use of fixed cables word processing; producing written texts on a computer

Lesson 4: Sport We all have a relationship with sport: we might watch it, play it or try our best to avoid it. Because it’s such an important subject you may find yourself being asked questions about sport in the IELTS Speaking exam. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: Do you do any sports? Loiuse: Not really … no … I always say I’m going to take up exercise and try to get into shape but I never seem to get started … I sometimes wonder whether I should get a personal trainer … someone who will sort out a fitness programme for me and make me train hard …. Examiner: How do you spend a typical weekend? Stella: I’m a big football fan and weekends always centre around a football match … I FC Utrecht and have a season ticket so I go to most of the home games and quite a few of the away games too … I’m really looking forward to the new football season starting soon … Examiner: Have you got any hobbies or interests? Theo: Yes … I’m really keen on sports … I do judo once a week and play tennis in the summer … I think it’s really important to keep fit … it makes you feel good and energised for work and your studies …. Part 2-style task Describe a place you like going to in your leisure time. You should say:   

what this place is when you go there what you do there 10

and say why you enjoy it there so much. Maurice: I’d like to talk about my local sports centre … it’s a place I spend a lot of time in … it’s a new building with all the latest sports facilities … I probably go there at least twice a week … sometimes more often … it’s a huge place … there’s an outdoor athletics track and some football pitches … I play football so I’m often out there … there are several indoor squash and tennis courts that I use occasionally … a big swimming pool … although I don’t use that very often … I’m not a very strong swimmer … there’s a gym … lots of things really … why do I enjoy going there … it’s just a really fun place to be … there’s a good social side to it all … you can enter competitions … meet up with other people who want to do the same sports … and because there are so many activities on offer it gets you interested in different things … for example I was listening to some people talking about training to run the marathon and I’ve decided I might even think about that … I go jogging a couple of times a week so it would give me something to aim for … so yes … the sports centre … that’s the place I really like to visit … Part 3-style questions

Examiner: Should people be encouraged more to take up sport? Alejandro: I think young people should be given the chance to discover which sport they might like … watching sport is sometimes a good way to get people started … not on TV but actually getting out … take athletics for example … they could go to an athletics meeting … there are so many different sports on show one might interest them … Examiner: Why do some people enjoy participating in sport more than others? Florrie: That’s a good question … I suppose some people are more concerned about their health … they can’t stand the thought of being out of condition … other people might be driven to excel … they want to set records or get personal bests … Examiner: Which sports do you think are best for people who aren’t used to physical activity? Julie: Well … I think people like this should avoid strenuous exercise so things like circuit training are definitely out of the question … maybe just doing a brisk walk every day … or swimming is always a good way to get started … Definitions    

an athletics meeting: an event where various athletics sports are held an athletics track: a running track an away game: a football match played in the opposing teams stadium a brisk walk: a fast walk 11

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to do judo: (not go or play) a football fan: someone who likes football a fitness programme: a schedule of activities to keep fit a football match: a game of football a football pitch: the surface on which you play football (as opposed to a stadium, which is the building) a football season: a period in the year when football is played to get into shape: to become fit to go jogging: to run around the streets a home game: a football match played in the teams own stadium to keep fit: to stay in good physically condition to be out of condition: to not be physically fit a personal best: to achieve the best personal result so far in a sport a personal trainer: a sports coach that helps you on a one-to-one basis to play tennis/football: (not do or go) to run the marathon: to run a distance of 42.195 Kilometres a season ticket: a ticket that gives you entry to most of a team’s home games during the sporting year. to set a record: to achieve the best result in a sport a sports centre: a public building where people can do various sports sports facilities: the equipment and services needed to do a sport a squash/tennis/bton court: the surface where you play these sports strenuous exercise: exercise that needs a lot of physical effort a strong swimmer: a good swimmer a swimming pool: the place where you swim to take up exercise: to start doing exercise to train hard: to train with a lot of effort

Lesson 5: Food The topic of food often comes up in the IELTS Speaking exam. You might be asked questions about what you like to eat, your favourite restaurants or about a popular dish in your country. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: Do you like to cook? Mandy: Not really no … most of the time I eat ready meals and take-aways … that’s one of the reasons I love visiting my mum … you can always guarantee lovely home-cooked food … 12

Examiner: What time do you usually eat dinner? Michelle: We have our main meal at around 7.00 … I’m usually starving hungry by then … in fact I often grab a bite to eat as soon as I get home from college … a sandwich perhaps … but not too much to spoil my appetite … Examiner: Are there any types of food you don’t like? Lionel: No not really … I’m not a fussy eater at all … actually I eat like a horse … I do a lot of sport and work up quite an appetite … Part 2-style task Describe a restaurant that you like to use. You should say   

where this restaurant is what kind of food it serves how often you go there

and say why you like eating there so much. Howard: OK … this is a nice topic to talk about … there’s a restaurant just around the corner from where I live … it’s an Italian restaurant so as you’d expect you can eat various pasta dishes and pizzas and I usually go there with my family for a slapup meal if we have anything to celebrate … it’s quite a posh restaurant … the kind of place you would take someone if you wanted to wine and dine them … we usually order a 3-course meal … a light starter then a main dish … and I have quite a sweet tooth so I always look forward to the dessert … I usually order Tiramisu … it makes my mouth water just to think about it … I’m always totally full up by the end … why do I enjoy it there … well … it’s not cheap … my parents always foot the bill and we couldn’t afford to go there regularly so it’s always a nice treat … Part 3-style questions Examiner: How can we encourage people to eat more healthily? Anna: I think the best approach is to have everything in moderation … processed food won’t kill you if you only eat it occasionally … but people should also be encouraged to eat a balanced diet… try to cook fresh ingredients at home a few times a week … Examiner: Do you think people enjoy their food as much as they should? Florrie: I don’t know really … I suppose it’s true that people will often eat a quick snack because they’re bored not because they’re dying of hunger … and often they just bolt it down and don’t savour it … so yes … perhaps we could take more time over our food … 13

Examiner: Do you think cooking is a pleasure or a chore for people who have busy lives? Julie: Well … whether you follow a recipe or make something up as you go along … I think cooking is a very creative process … and cooking for other people is a particular pleasure … there’s nothing more satisfying than seeing people you love tucking into something you’ve cooked yourself … Definitions                        

to be full up: to eat to the point that you can no longer eat any more to be starving hungry: an exaggerated way of saying you are very hungry to bolt something down: to eat something very quickly to be dying of hunger: an exaggerated way of saying you are hungry to eat a balanced diet: to eat the correct types and amounts of food to eat like a horse: to eat a lot to follow a recipe: to cook a meal using instructions to foot the bill: to pay the bill a fussy eater: somebody who has their own very high standards about what to eat to grab a bite to eat: to eat something quickly (when you’re in a rush) to have a sweet tooth: to enjoy sugary food home-cooked food: food cooked at home from individual ingredients the main meal: the most important meal of the day, usually eaten in the evening to make your mouth water: to make you feel very hungry for something to play with your food: to push food around the plate to avoid eating it processed food: commercially prepared food bought for convenience a quick snack: to eat a small amount of food between meals a ready meal: see ‘processed food’ a slap up meal: a large meal to spoil your appetite: to eat something that will stop you feeling hungry when it’s mealtime. a take away: a cooked meal prepared in a restaurant and eaten at home to tuck into: to eat something with pleasure to wine and dine: to entertain someone by treating them to food and drink to work up an appetite: to do physical work that leads to you becoming hungry

Lesson 6: Education You’re likely to be asked questions about your studies during Part 1, you might have to talk about a class, a teacher or a school memory in Part 2 or give your opinions on education in Part 3. Therefore, being able to call on a wide range of vocabulary to talk about education is very important.

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Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: Are you studying English at a school? Michel: Yes … I’m taking an intensive course at a local private language school … I attend classesthree times a week … Examiner: Would you say you are a good student? Susan: I’m OK I think … I’m pretty good at meeting deadlines and I’m keeping up with my studies… plus I find it quite easy to learn things by heart which is useful when learning a language … Examiner: When you were younger did you enjoy your time at school? Theo: Yes … I liked school … it was an ordinary state school … nothing special … a single-sex school … which I’m not sure I liked … but the teachers were great … I had lots of friends and I never played truant like some pupils there … Part 2-style task Describe a time during your education that you really enjoyed. You should say:   

when this period was where you were what you were studying at the time

and say why you were so happy. Caroline: I’d like to tell you about my time at university … I was a mature student … I didn’t go to university until I was 25 … and it was my first time away from my parents so it was very exciting … I was doing a Bachelors Degree and it was a bit of a challenge … some people take a year out but I’d been away from education for 8 years … plus I had to work my way through uni so I was very busy … and sitting exams at the end of each year was a new experience for me as well but I really enjoyed higher education learning about a subject I loved … history … and the social life was great as well … I don’t think I’ve ever had so many friends … I had my graduation ceremony last year in the local cathedral and I know my parents were really proud … so yes … that was a really happy time … I’m thinking of doing a Masters Degree soon … though that might be through distance learning as I have a full-time job now … Part 3-style questions 15

Examiner: What qualities do you think a good teacher has? Anna: They should be patient … they should be subject specialists and be able to explain the subject clearly … they should give quickly … for example not hang on to essay for ages like some of my teachers … Examiner: What are the advantages of studying on a distance learning course? Florrie: It’s a more flexible way of studying especially if you have a job … tuition fees are usually cheaper … but you have to be very motivated … and I would imagine more people fall behind with their studies compared to face-to-face classes … Examiner: Do all children get equal opportunities in education? Julie: In my country I think it is quite equal but in the UK I’ve heard that most people who go to the top universities have studied at public schools … you have to be very rich to study in a school like that … they’re usually boarding schools as well so the fees are enormous … Definitions              

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to attend classes: to go to classes bachelors degree: an undergraduate course which usually lasts 3-4 years boarding school: a school where pupils live during term time distance learning: a way of studying where tuition is carried out over the Internet or by post face-to-face classes: as opposed to distance learning the traditional way of studying in a classroom with colleagues and a teacher to fall behind with your studies: to progress less quickly than others to give : to offer guidance on a student’s work a graduation ceremony: an event where a successful student receives his or her academic degree higher education: education, usually in a college or university, that is followed after high school or secondary school an intensive course: a course that offers lots of training in order to reach a goal in as short a time as possible to keep up with your studies: to not fall behind to learn something by heart: to memorize it a mature student: a student who is older than average and who has usually returned to education after a period at work masters degree: a period of study which often follows the completion of a bachelors degree or is undertaken by someone regarded as capable of a higher-level academic course to meet a deadline: to finish a job or task in the time allowed or agreed to play truant: to stay away from classes without permission private language school: an independent school run as a business concern public schools: exclusive independent schools in the UK 16

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a single-sex school: a school where only boys or girls attend (as opposed to a mixed-sex school) to sit an exam: to take an exam state school: a school paid for by public funds and available to the general public subject specialist: a teacher who has a great deal of knowledge about the subject they teach. to take a year out: to spend a year working or travelling before starting university tuition fees: the money paid for a course of study to work your way through university: to have a paid job whilst studying to yourself financially

Lesson 7: Work If you’re employed, getting the necessary qualifications for a job, or still trying to decide what kind of career you’re interested in, you’ll need to be able to tell the examiner about this if you’re asked questions about work. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: What do you do? Sasha: I do a job-share with a friend in a boutique … I enjoy it … I like working with customers … unfortunately it’s only temporary work but one of the perks of the job is I get a discount on the clothes …

Examiner: Do you have any career plans yet? Carly: Yes … I’d like to be my own boss one day … I’m interested in programming and I’d like to create apps for myself or for other companies … I know being self employed would be a challenge but the idea of doing a nine-tofive job doesn’t appeal to me at all … Examiner: What do you see yourself doing in 10 years time? Marie: I’d hope to be working … not a high-powered job … but I’m quite a creative person so something where I can work with my hands would be nice … as long as I’m not stuck behind a desk doing something boring in a dead-end job I’ll be happy … Part 2-style task Describe your ideal job. You should say: 17

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what this job is whether you would need any qualifications whether it would be easy to find work

and say why you would enjoy this job in particular. Max: I’ve always loved watching wildlife programmes on TV and often thought how much I’d enjoy working with animals … perhaps in a safari park … something like that … you’d probably need a degree to have any chance of being called for an interview and whether there are many full-time jobs I don’t know … I’m sure a lot of parks rely on voluntary work so it might not be easy … and it probably wouldn’t be well-paid either but money isn’t everything … I’d get so much job satisfaction … I can’t imagine it being the kind of job where you get stuck in a rut … and I think I’d be good at it as well … I’d love to work with animals I enjoy manual work and I’m a good team player … so even though the working conditions might not be the best I think that would be my ideal job … Part 3-style questions Examiner: If there are a limited number of jobs available who should be given priority, young people or older people with more experience? Anna: Things are so different these days … a few years ago older employees would often take early retirement or go onto part-time contracts and there were always opportunities for younger people but now jobs are so scarce … I think younger people need to be given the chance whenever possible … Examiner: What are some of the important things a candidate should find out before accepting a job? Ali: Well … you’d need to know about your area of responsibility … and your salary of course and then there are things like holiday entitlement … maternity or paternity leave … if you’re thinking of having children … and what the situation is regarding sick leave … that kind of thing … Examiner: What are the advantages of having your own business rather than working for someone else? Julie: Well … unfortunately being an employee at the moment is very stressful … people have very heavy workloads … they’re always under pressure to meet deadlines … running your own business isn’t easy … but I do think it would be far more satisfying … Definitions   

to be called for an interview: to be invited to attend an interview to be your own boss: to have your own business a dead-end job: a job with no promotional opportunities 18

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to do a job-share: to share the weekly hours of work with another person a good team player: somebody who can work well with other people full-time: the number of hours that people usually work in a complete week a heavy workload: to have a lot of work to do a high-powered job: an important or powerful job holiday entitlement: the number of days holiday allowed job satisfaction: the feeling of enjoying a job manual work: work that requires physical activity maternity leave: time off work given to a woman about to have a baby to meet a deadline: to finish a job by an agreed time a nine-to-five job: a normal job that consists of an 8 hour day (approximately) one of the perks of the job: an extra benefit you get from a job part-time: working less than full-time to run your own business: see ‘to be your own boss’ to be self-employed: see ‘to be your own boss’ sick leave: time allowed off work when sick to be stuck behind a desk: to be unhappy in an office job to be/get stuck in a rut: to be in a boring job that is hard to leave to take early retirement: to retire early (retire: to reach an age when you are allowed to stop working for a living) temporary work: work done for a limited time only voluntary work: to work without pay to be well paid: to earn a good salary working conditions: the hours, salary and other entitlements that comes with the job to work with your hands: to do manual work

Lesson 8: Health During the IELTS Speaking exam you may be asked questions to do with health and fitness. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: Have you got a relation you’re particularly fond of? Sinita: Yes … my granddad … he’s 94 years old but generally he’s as fit as a fiddle … we’re very close and see each other a lot … whenever he goes down with a cold or is under the weather I make a point of visiting him … Examiner: Do you do any sport? Jon: Yes … I’m keen on skateboarding … but I haven’t done it for a while … I had a bad fall recently and pulled a muscle and had a few cuts and bruises … but I’m on the mend and hope to be doing it again soon … 19

Examiner: Is there anything you’re particularly afraid of? Davide: The dentist … I hate going to the dentist … I only ever go if I have a toothache so it usually means I have to have a filling or even have a tooth out … I really don’t like it … Part 2-style task Describe a time when you were ill. You should say:   

when this was what your symptoms were how long the illness lasted

and say how it affected your life at the time. Pierre: This is a tricky one really as I’m usually quite healthy … I’ve never been seriously ill … like everyone else I sometimes get a few aches and pains or catch a cold … I can a few months ago I had to have time off work with a heavy cold … I had the usual symptoms … a blocked nose … sore throat … it lasted quite a while … about 2 weeks I think though I didn’t have that much time off work … for a few days I feeling poorly but I was over the worst of itafter a few days and went back to work … I always find it’s better to be active when you feel ill as it keeps your mind off your symptoms … I think my family get a little fed up with me when I’m ill though … I tend to feel sorry for myself and lie on the sofa all day as if I’m at death’s door … but as I said earlier … on this occasion it was nothing serious and didn’t really cause me any problems … Part 3-style questions

Examiner: What costs are involved when you are ill in your country? Anya: Well … people have to pay prescription charges which can be quite expensive … but fortunately general healthcare is free … unless you want to go private of course and then you can pay a fortune for your treatment … Examiner: In your experience are people too quick to take time off work when they’re ill? Alicia: Yes .. I’ve got friends who have a day off work if they wake up with a runny nose … and in most cases they seem to make a speedy recovery after they’ve phoned in sick … Examiner: Do women pay more attention to their health than men? Julie: I think so yes … women are more likely to see their GP for a check-up if they’re concerned about something … men tend to avoid facing up to any health 20

problems they have … my dad always seems to have a very chesty cough but refuses to go to make an appointment to see the doctor … Definitions                          

aches and pains: minor pains that continue over a period of time to be a bit off colour: to feel a little ill to be at death’s door: (informal) to be very ill indeed to be on the mend: to be recovering after an illness to be over the worst: to have got through the most serious or uncomfortable stage of an illlness to be under the weather: (informal) to not feel well a blocked nose: when the nose has excess fluid due to a cold to catch a cold: to get a cold a check-up: a physical examination by a doctor a chesty cough: a cough caused by congestion around the lungs cuts and bruises: minor injuries to feel poorly: to feel ill as fit as a fiddle: to be very healthy to go down with a cold: to become ill to go private: to choose to be treated by commercial healthcare rather than by services offered by the state GP: General Practitioner (family doctor) to have a filling: to have a tooth repaired to have a tooth out: to have a tooth removed a heavy cold: a bad cold to make an appointment: to arrange a time to see the doctor to make a speedy recovery: to recover quickly from an illness to phone in sick: to call work to explain you won’t be attending work due to illness prescription charges: money the patient pays for medicine authorised by a doctor to pull a muscle: to strain a muscle a runny nose: a nose that has liquid coming out of it a sore throat: inflammation that causes pain when swallowing

Lesson 9: Books and Films It’s quite possible that the examiner will ask you questions about your reading habits or ask you to say something about a book you’ve read or a film you’ve seen. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions

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Examiner: Do you like to read books? Marie: Yes … I love reading … I like nothing more than to be engrossed in a good book … I regularly take out books from the library and usually read them from cover to cover in no time … and I can’t go to sleep at night without some good bedtime reading … Examiner: How often do you go to the cinema? Jemma: Unfortunately we don’t have a cinema near us so we have to go into the nearest town to catch the latest movie … I usually avoid seeing popular box-office hits which I’m not always keen on seeing … I prefer low-budget films … scifi especially … and there’s a great cinema I go to that has frequent showings of films like these … Examiner: Do you prefer reading books or watching films? Louisa: I’m not really a big reader … I find books quite heavy-going … so I much prefer to see a film … perhaps it’s the special effects or the soundtrack … I don’t know … I just prefer a film … Part 2-style task Describe a book you have read or a film you have seen. You should say:   

what this book or film was when you read or saw it why you decided to see the film or read the book

and say if you enjoyed it and why. Pauline I like reading … especially English novels … it’s a great way to improve your vocabulary and there are so many fantastic authors to choose from … one book that came highly recommended by my teacher was The Mayor of Casterbridge … I was studying at a school in The UK at the time and she said it would give me a picture of what life was like years ago in the area I was living … well I have to say I absolutely loved it … it was a real page-turner … it’s a historical novel and the setting was a fictional town called Casterbridge … but actually it was based on a town near where I was studying called Dorchester … it had such a great plot … to cut a long story short it tells the story of the downfall of a man called Henchard the central character who lives during a period of great social change around the time of the industrial revolution … the reason I enjoyed it so much … apart from the great story … it gave me a picture of what life had been like in the place I was studying at the time … I really couldn’t put it down … a fantastic story … Part 3-style questions 22

Examiner: Is reading as pleasurable in digital format? Alise: Personally I prefer reading a paperback or hardback … especially if I’m reading a classic which I don’t think feels right as an e-book … but I can see it can be good for others … my grandmother has an e-reader and she loves the way you can enlarge the text … Examiner: Do you think bookshops will survive the digital revolution? Thomas: I think so … at least I hope so … I love flicking through books in a bookshop … online shopping is useful … finding out on Amazon if a book you want has got a good review … maybe getting one that is difficult to find … but I still love the experience of being in a bookshop … Examiner: Statistics show that visits to the cinema are up despite the availability of DVDs and online s. Why do you think this might be? Jamie: I think it’s the whole experience that the cinema offers … going out to see a film when it goes on general release … and seeing it on the big screen is more exciting than watching the filmat home on TV … especially if it’s an action movie … and watching it with others makes it even more special … Definitions                         

an action movie: a film with fast moving scenes, often containing violence to be engrossed in: to be completely focused on one thing bedtime reading: something to read in bed before you go to sleep to be a big reader: someone who reads a lot to be based on: to use as a modal a box office hit: a financially successful film to be heavy-going: difficult to read a blockbuster: a film that is a big commercial success to catch the latest movie: to see a film that has just come out the central character: the main person in a film or book a classic: of the highest quality to come highly recommended: to be praised by another person couldn’t put it down: wasn’t able to stop reading a book an e-book: a digital book an e-reader: a device for reading e-books to flick through: to look quickly through a book to get a good/bad review: to receive positive or negative to go on general release: when a film can be seen by the general public hardback: a book with a rigid cover (see ‘paperback’ below) a historical novel: a story set in the past a low budget film: a film made with a small amount of money on the big screen: at the cinema a page turner: a book that you want to keep reading paperback: a book with a flexible cover (see ‘hardback’ above) plot: the main events in a film or book 23

         

to read something from cover to cover: to read a book from the first page to the last sci-fi: science fiction to see a film: to see a film at the cinema (see ‘watch a film’ below) the setting: where the action takes place showings: performances of a film soundtrack: the music that accompanies a film special effects: the visuals or sounds that are added to a film which are difficult to produce naturally to take out (a book from the library): to borrow a book from the library to tell the story of: to outline the details of someone’s life or an event to watch a film: to watch a film on TV (see ‘to see a film’ above)

Lesson 10: Accommodation The examiner may ask you to talk about the place you live or would like to live in the exam. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: Do you live in a house or an apartment? Callum: Actually I live on campus … in a single room in halls of residence … all first year students are encouraged to do that as they’re close to the university … next year I plan to move into student digs in town … Examiner: Tell me about where you live. Julia: I live with my parents in the suburbs of Madrid … we only moved in recently … in fact we had a house-warming party just a few weeks ago … Examiner: What kind of accommodation do most people live in in your city? Maria: In the city itself the majority of people live in apartment blocks … that’s what surprised me about England … most people seem to live in terraced houses with lovely back gardens … Part 2-style task Describe a house or an apartment you would like to live in. You should say   

what kind of accommodation it would be where it would be who would live there with you

and say why you would enjoy living in this place. 24

Paolo: I think most people when answering this question would say they’d like to live in a big detached house with spacious rooms … views of the countryside and so on … but actually my ideal home would be a lot different … I’ve always loved the idea of having a mobile home … a really expensive one with all the mod cons … so I could live wherever I wanted or at least have lots of holidays and be able to take all my home comforts with me whenever I travelled … I realise this would have to be a second home as I’d need a base … a permanent address … but the mobile home would be the accommodation I’d find it exciting to live in … I suppose once I settle down and have children I’ll want to get on the property ladder … I’ll be like everyone else … saving up to put down a deposit on a house or an apartment … I don’t think my family would want to live in a mobile home … but I like to think I’ll still keep that dream home in mind … Part 3-style questions Examiner: Is it better to own your own home or to rent? Ana: I think both have their advantages … living in rented accommodation isn’t necessarily a bad thing … you don’t have a huge debt like you do when you take out a mortgage but I suppose the property market offers you an investment for the future … I’m sure that’s why most people prefer to own their own home … Examiner: What options are available to young couples looking for accommodation in your country? Toni: If they want to buy their own home it isn’t easy for first-time buyers … mortgages are hard to get so most people live with their parents or in rented accommodation … but that can also be very expensive … you often have to pay rent in advance … and if the accommodation isn’t fully furnished you have the expense of buying furniture … Examiner: What are some of the pleasures involved in making a home for ourselves? Suki: I suppose it starts with house-hunting … finding your ideal home … some people enjoy doing up an old property … giving a property that’s old and tired a new lease of life … others like making wherever they live feel like home with some home comforts … Definitions     

(all the) mod cons: technology at home that makes jobs easier such as a washing machine, dishwasher etc. apartment block: a large building made up of smaller units of apartments back garden: a garden at the rear of the house detached house: a house that is not physically connected to another property to do up a property: to repair an old building 25

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dream home: a home you regard as perfect first-time buyer: someone buying a property for the first time, especially when taking out a loan (mortgage) fully-furnished: a rented property with all furniture included to get on the property ladder: to buy a property with the aim of buying another bigger or more expensive one later in life hall of residence: a college or university building where students live home comforts: things that make a home feel comfortable to live in house-hunting: looking for a property to live in house-warming party: a party to celebrate moving into a new home ideal home: a perfect home to live on campus: to live on the university or college grounds mobile home: a home that can be moved by a vehicle or one that has its own engine to move into: to begin to live in a property to own your own home: to have bought the property you live in to pay rent in advance: weekly or monthly rent paid at the beginning of the week or month permanent address: a fixed address property market: the buying and selling of land or buildings to put down a deposit: to pay an amount of money as the first in a series of future payments rented accommodation: property owned by someone else and for which a person pays a fixed amount to live in single room: a room for one person spacious room: a large room student digs: student accommodation the suburbs: a residential area on the edge of towns or cities to take out a mortgage: to borrow a large amount of money, paid back over several years, in order to buy a house terraced house: a house connected on both sides by other properties

Lesson 11: Clothes and Fashion The examiner may ask you to talk about the clothes you like to wear or your attitude towards fashion. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: Do you enjoy buying clothes? Pedro: I used to … yes … like most young people I was a bit of a slave to fashion and I’d always have to buy that must-have shirt or pair of shoes … I’m not so bothered now though … I wouldn’t feel comfortable wearing something old fashioned but I’m not as bothered as I used to be about what I wear … 26

Examiner: What kind of clothes do you like to wear? Marco: I prefer casual clothes actually … I hate getting dressed up for special occasions … personally I think it’s possible to look good in a pair of jeans … but that’s my opinion … I don’t think my wife would call me a fashion icon that’s for sure … Examiner: Are there many clothes shops where you live? Sylvia: Yes … there are lots in my town … apart from the big chain stores we’ve got a couple of really nice shops that sell vintage clothes … old clothes but in a classic style that never really go out of fashion … I love going there … Part 2-style task Describe someone you know who dresses well. You should say   

who they are how you know them what kind of clothes they wear

and say why you like the way they dress. Tomoko: I’d like to talk about one of my teachers … Miss Evans … she teaches us English in the school I go to … we always look forward to seeing what she’s going to wear when our lessons start … she’s always very well dressed and takes a lot of pride in her appearance … it’s not that she dresses in very smart clothes … she doesn’t come to school dressed to kill or anything like that … but what she wears really suits her … and she has a great sense of style as well … we often ask her where she gets some of her clothes and most of the time they’re just off the peg … and she says she’s not interested in designer labels or anything like that … she doesn’t seem too concerned about keeping up with the latest fashion … she just wears clothes that are timeless … yes … Miss Evans is the person I think looks great in the clothes she wears … Part 3-style questions Examiner: What factors do you think affect the clothes we choose to wear? Maki: It depends … where we are or where we’re going is a big factor … if you are going out to a club or party you’re going to dress for the occasion … and then there are those who think it’s important to look like they’re on trend … they’ll want to wear the latest fashions … there are lots of factors really … Examiner: What kind of things determine what is in fashion and what we should be wearing? Martin: I suppose the big fashion houses and fashion shows must have an effect 27

but the clothes you see on the catwalk don’t always reflect what normal people wear … so I suppose it will be things like what singers are wearing in videos or models are wearing in magazines … that kind of thing … Examiner: Is it possible to look good without spending lots of money on clothes? Corinna: I’m sure it is … yes … I suppose it’s about having an eye for what looks good … knowing how to mix and match different items of clothing that go well together … I think you can pick up great bargains in charity shops … sometimes for youngsters even hand-me-downs can look good … Definitions                              

to be on trend: to be very fashionable casual clothes: not formal classic style: a simple, traditional style that is always fashionable designer label: a well-known company that makes (often expensive) clothing dressed to kill: wearing clothes that attract irers to dress for the occasion: to wear clothes suitable for a particular event fashionable: in fashion fashion house: a company that sells (usually expensive) new styles in clothes fashion icon: a person who is famous for their sense of fashion fashion show: an event where modals show off the latest in fashion designs to get dressed up: to put on nice clothes, often to go out somewhere special to go out of fashion: to not be in fashion any more hand-me-downs: clothes that are ed down from older brothers or sisters to their younger siblings to have an eye for (fashion): to be a good judge of to have a sense of style: the ability to wear clothes that look stylish the height of fashion: very fashionable to keep up with the latest fashion: to wear the latest fashions to look good in: to wear something that suits you to mix and match: to wear different styles or items of clothing that aren’t part of a set outfit must-have: something that is highly fashionable and therefore in demand off the peg: clothing that is ready made old fashioned: not in fashion any more on the catwalk: the stage that modals walk along to show off the latest fashions a slave to fashion: someone who always feel the need to wear the latest fashions smart clothes: the kind of clothes worn for a formal event to suit someone: to look good on someone to take pride in one’s appearance: to pay attention to how one looks timeless: something that doesn’t go out of fashion vintage clothes: clothes from an earlier period well-dressed: to be dressed attractively

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Lesson 12: Personality During the IELTS Speaking exam you may be asked to talk about someone’s personality or character. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: How would you describe yourself? Paula: Everyone tells me I take after my mum as I’m quite laid-back … I think I’m good companybut you should ask my friends if they agree … Examiner: In which ways are you similar to your friends? Manuel: I seem to be attracted to introverts … not people who are painfully shy but most of my friends are a little reserved … and I think that’s what I’m like … Examiner: Are you similar or different to your brother(s)/sister(s)? Mira: I think my brother and I are very similar … I’d say we’re fun-loving and tend to be a bit extroverted … my brother is certainly the life and soul of the party … I’m not sure that applies to me … Part 2-style task Describe a teacher you once had who you enjoyed being taught by. You should say   

who this person was when they were your teacher which subject they taught you

and describe what it was about their character that you liked. Carolina: I’d like to describe my English teacher from school … Miss Thomas … this was a few years ago now and she was my teacher at a time when I was getting a little bored with being at school … unlike some of the other teachers Miss Thomas never lost her temper … she was very calm and easy-going … she was also very broad-minded … we were able to ask her questions about lots of subjects that some other teachers would refuse to discuss which made us respect her even more … she had a great sense of humour too … she’d laugh at our jokes as well as making us laugh … and she would also bend over backwards to help us with our work … she always put us first and often stayed around at the end of class to talk with anyone who needed help … apparently she was highly respected within her field but you would never know as she was the type that hid her light under a 29

bushel … she was very modest and self-effacing … so yes … Miss Thomas was a teacher I have fond memories of … Part 3-style questions Examiner: Which personal qualities do you think we most want to on to our children? Martin: I certainly would want my children to be self-confident and selfassured … I really believe that people who feel good about themselves are in a good position to face what life has to offer them … and I’d hope they wouldn’t be self-centred … but ed to think about others … Examiner: Which characteristics do you think are the least appealing in a person? Marianne: Well … people who are very narrow-minded are difficult to get on with … it’s nice when someone is open to other people’s opinion and willing to think about their own views … and people who are two-faced can be a little irritating … relationships are built on trust and without honesty there’s not much left … Examiner: Which personality types do you think are less likely to suffer from stress or anxiety? Sol: Probably people who are thick-skinned … who don’t let people or problems affect them too much … and if you are fair-minded you’ ll be less likely to overreact to situations or be quick-tempered … Definitions                    

to be the life and soul of the party: a fun person, someone who is the centre of activity to bend over backwards: to try very hard to help someone broad-minded: prepared to accept other views or behaviours easy-going: relaxed and not easily worried about anything extrovert: an energetic person who likes the company of others fair-minded: to treat people equally fun-loving: to enjoy having fun to hide one’s light under a bushel: to hide one’s talents and skills good company: enjoyable to socialise with good sense of humour: the ability to understand what is funny introvert: someone who is shy laid-back: see ‘easy-going’ to lose one’s temper: to suddenly become angry narrow minded: opposite of ‘broad-minded’ (see above) painfully shy: very shy to put others first: to think of others before yourself quick-tempered: to become angry quickly reserved: shy self-assured: confident self-centred: thinks only of oneself 30

     

self-confident: believes in one’s own ability or knowledge self-effacing: to not try to get the attention of others (especially in of hiding one’s skills or abilities) to take after: to be like (often another member of the family) thick-skinned: not easily affected by criticism trustworthy: can be trusted two-faced: not honest or sincere. Will say one thing to someone to their face and another when they are not present.

Lesson 13: Business During the IELTS Speaking exam you may be asked to talk about the subject of business. This might involve describing a business you know well or talking about your own ambitions. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: Do you work or are you a student? Hati: I run my own business actually … I have an online business selling cosmetics … I set up the business 5 years ago and I’m really enjoying working for myself … Examiner: What is your ideal job? Kaori: I don’t think I’d enjoy working for a big company … I think I’d like to go it alone and be self-employed … I’m not sure what area of business it would be but I think I’d enjoy the process of drawing up a business plan and seeing if I could be successful … Examiner: Is your town a nice place to live? Monique: It’s OK … the main problem we have is our local high street … it used to be a busy centre but lots of shops have gone bust … it must be very difficult to make a profit when you have huge supermarkets in the area and a lot haven’t been able to survive with such cut-throat competition… Part 2-style task Describe a business you know that you ire. You should say   

what this business is what the business sells how long you have known about the business 31

and say why you like it so much. Magda: Actually I discovered a business very recently that I like so much I’d like to do something similar in the future … it’s a small niche business that runs courses in how to cook … especially bread … the owner uses his kitchen for the courses and went into business with a local community shop and sells a lot of the bread and cakes they make in the shop … I first got to hear about the business last year … my wife paid for me to do one of the baking courses and I got to know the owner during the training … it’s a lifestyle business really … he doesn’t have plans to take on employees or expand into new areas … he’s happy earning a living doing the thing he loves … I really ire what he does and I’m sure a lot of people would love to do something similar … he has a web presence … in fact that’s how we got to find out about his company … and he uses social media to raise the company profile … but he’s the only person involved in running the business so he’s in complete control of where the business goes … that’s something that must make it really satisfying … as long as he’s managing to balance the books and the cash flow is healthy I’m sure he must be very pleased with what he has achieved … Part 3-style questions Examiner: Why do some people decide to set up their own business? Marion: I suppose it’s the idea of being in control of your own destiny … or of believing in a product or service idea you may have … plus it must be very exciting … launching products … winning contracts … and seeing your sales figures improving must be wonderful … Examiner: What are some of the dangers involved in starting a business? Hiro: Well … obviously you need to have a good idea … some people say you need to do market research beforehand so you know what the market wants … if you don’t do this you could go under … and if it is a good idea the chances are someone else is doing the same thing so you could end up facing stiff competition … Examiner: What are some of things you have to do when running your own business that might not appeal to everyone? Katy: Personally i don’t like being in debt so taking out a business loan wouldn’t suit me at all … and I know a lot of companies do cold calling to try and drum up business … that’s something I’d hate to do … and laying people off if the business gets into trouble … that would be horrible … Definitions 

to balance the books: to not spend more money than you are earning 32

                          

to be self-employed: to work for yourself/to not work for an employer to cold call: to make a sales call to someone without asking them for permission first cut throat competition: when one company lowers its prices, forcing other companies to do the same, sometimes to a point where business becomes unprofitable to do market research: to do research into what potential customers would or wouldn’t buy to draw up a business plan: to write a plan for a new business to drum up business: to try to get customers to earn a living: to earn money to go bust: when a business is forced to close because it is unsuccessful cash flow: the money coming in and going out of a business to go into business with: to another person to start or expand a business to go it alone: to start your own business to go under: (see ‘to go bust’) to have a web presence: to have a website or social media profile that showcases your business to launch a product: to start selling and promoting a new product to lay someone off: when a company ends an employee’s contract of employment lifestyle business: a business that is set up to bring in a sufficient income and no more to make a profit: to earn more money than it costs to run the business niche business: a business that serves a small, particular market to raise a company profile: to make more people aware of a business to run your own business: to have a business of your own sales figures: a report of the income a company generates through sales of products or services to set up a business: to start a business stiff competition: strong competition from other companies in the same area of work to take on employees: to employ people to take out a loan: to borrow money to win a contract: when a business gets legally-binding work with an individual or company to work for yourself: (see ‘to be self-employed’)

Lesson 14: Physical Appearance During the IELTS Speaking exam you may want to talk about what people look like. This might involve describing their physical appearance or the type of clothes they like to wear. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: Do you look like any other people in your family? Carlo: No … not at all … take my brother for example … he has short cropped 33

hair and has quite a pointed face … he’s also quite fair-skinned compared to me … Examiner: Tell me about your family. Andrea: My father’s getting on a bit … he’s in his 60s … but he looks very young for his age … he still does lots of exercise and is quite well-built … Examiner: What does your best friend look like? Mandy: She’s the same age as me … she has shoulder-length hair … fair hair … she has a slim figure and is medium height … Part 2-style task Describe a person whose appearance you like. You should say   

who this person is what their relationship is to you what they look like

and say what it is about their appearance you like. Monique: OK … I’d like to talk about my aunt … her name’s Marta and she’s quite a character … she’s middle-aged but has a very youthful appearance … she’s a little overweight I suppose but not too much … she has a friendly round face framed by thick blonde hair … she has a lovely complexion and she’s always well-turned out … she actually always looks like she’s going out for the evening to somewhere special … there’s never a hair out of place … I’ve always thought she bears a striking resemblance to someone on TV … I can’t the name now … she wears glasses and always seems to have a different pair on every time I see her … I like the way she looks because she wears clothes that are right for her age and manages to look glamorous without it looking like she’s too done up … yes … I’ll be happy if I look like her when I’m her age … Part 3-style questions Examiner: Is it important to dress well whenever we go out? Mark: It depends where you’re going … I know some people get done up just to go to the shops … but I don’t see the point … you shouldn’t go out looking scruffy with disheveled hair but I really don’t see the point in getting dressed up to the nines unless you’re going somewhere special … Examiner: Do people worry too much about their appearance as they get older? Mira: I’m sure they do … yes … but it happens to all of us doesn’t it … we all go grey eventually and get hard of hearing … we start to lose our figure … that’s 34

why plastic surgery is so popular … personally I think we just need to grow old gracefully and not worry too much about how we look … Examiner: Is attractiveness a quality worthwhile aiming for? Phoebe: I’d like to say no … it shouldn’t matter what we look like in of our physical appearance … but unfortunately it seems women especially are taken more seriously if they are good looking with a slender figure with perfect make up and so on … Definitions                               

to bear a striking resemblance: to look very similar to cropped hair: very short hair disheveled hair: untidy hair to dress up to the nines: to dress very smartly or glamorously fair hair: light-coloured hair to be fair-skinned: light skinned to get done up: to dress smartly to be getting on a bit: to be getting old to go grey: to have hair that is turning grey to be good looking: to be attractive to grow old gracefully: to act in a way that embraces the fact you are getting older to be hard of hearing: to find it difficult to hear in his/her 30s/40s: to be 20/30 something scruffy: dressed untidily to look young for your age: to look younger than you are to lose one’s figure: to have a figure that has lost its toned shape complexion: natural skin colour and texture make up: cosmetics medium height: average height middle-aged: approximately between 45-65 to never have a hair out of place: perfectly styled hair to be overweight: to weigh more than is regarded as healthy pointed face: the opposite of a round face shoulder-length hair: hair that comes down to the shoulders and no further slender figure: a figue that is tall and slim slim figure: attractively thin thick hair: a lot of hair to wear glasses: to use spectacles to be well-built: to be muscular to be well-turned out: to look smart youthful appearance: to look young

Lesson 15: Town and City 35

In the IELTS Speaking exam you may be called upon to showcase your vocabulary to describe towns and cities. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: What is it like where you live? Christiane: I live in a residential area of a busy town in the south of Spain … we have all the facilities you need … good public transport … a good shopping centre … it’s nice … Examiner: Do you like living in the city? Andrea: Yes I do … I like going out with my friends and there are lots of lively bars and restaurants within walking distance of my apartment … I’m a bit of a culture vulture as well so it’s great to have access to art exhibitions and that kind of thing … Examiner: Do you get many tourists visiting your area? Mandy: Not really no … I live in the inner-city and the area is a little run down … it’s basically a lot of high-rise flats and many of the shops are boarded up … so nothing to interest tourists really … Part 2-style task Describe an interesting town or city in your country that visitors might enjoy. You should say   

what the place is called where the place is what the facilities are like

and say why visitors might enjoy going there. Monique: Anyone who comes to my country really should spend some time in Barcelona … it’s a beautiful place … it’s not what you would call a sprawling city … it’s quite compact really and you could walk across the city in a couple of hours … but there’s no need to do that as we have a fantastic public transport system so it’s easy to get around … there are various districts all with their own character … you have the upmarket shops in the centre … you’ll find lots of chain stores you’ll recognise from your own country but also local brands as well … we have the narrow streets in the Gothic district with lots of fashionable boutiques and tourist attractions … there’s the Olympic area and the beaches along the coast … and dotted around the city are some lovely public spaces … 36

parks and squares in the city centre and on the outskirts of Barcelona where people relax with their friends and family … and of course pavement cafes everywhere … all that and some great historical places of interest … so a great destination for tourists … Part 3-style questions Examiner: What are the advantages of living in a city or big town? Carrie: I think it’s having access to local facilities really … local shops as well as access to larger shopping malls in the city centre … and if you’re well-off you can afford to live in the suburbsaway from the busy traffic … Examiner: In your experience are city centres usually attractive places? Mary: Some can be yes … especially those with a historical interest … but sometimes they’re full of ugly office blocks … multi-story car parks … and residents living in poor housing … it depends on the city doesn’t it? Examiner: What are some of the challenges facing towns and cities? Penny: I suppose traffic congestion is a major problem … and the growth in outof-town supermarkets and retail parks mean lots of town centre shops are closing down … plus a shortage of good quality housing … I think these are the major challenges … Definitions                  

boarded up shops: shops that are no longer doing business chain stores: well-known brands with shops in multiple cities to close down: to stop doing business fashionable boutiques: fashionable clothes shops to get around: to travel around high-rise flats: multi-story apartments inner-city: the central part of a city where people live and where conditions are often poor in the suburbs: the outer area of large towns and cities where people live lively bars/restaurants: bars or restaurants with a good atmosphere local facilities: local buildings or services serving the public multi-story car parks: car parks on several floors office block: a large building that contains offices out of town shopping centre/retail park: large shopping centres outside of the town or city pavement cafe: cafes with tables outside on the pavement places of interest: buildings that have a particular interest for visitors poor housing: housing that is not in good condition public spaces: areas in a town or city that are open to the public public transport system: public vehicles such as buses and trains that operate at regular times on fixed routes 37

       

residential area: an area where people live run down: old and of a poor standard shopping centre: an area consisting of multiple shops shopping malls: large indoor shopping centres sprawling city: a city that has grown over time and which covers a wide area tourist attraction: a place of interest to tourists traffic congestion: heavy traffic making it difficult to move around a town or city upmarket shops: expensive fashionable shops

Lesson 16: Music In the IELTS Speaking exam you may be asked questions about the music you listen to or instruments you play. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: What kind of music do you listen to? Katherine: I’m a big fan of classical music … it doesn’t make me very popular with my children … their taste in music is completely different … they always want to listen to their favourite rock bands … Examiner: Do you play any instruments? Jamie: No I don’t … I’ve always wished I’d taken up a musical instrument … I’d love to be able to play the guitar … but I think I’m a bit tone deaf so perhaps I’d find it hard … Examiner: Have you got any hobbies or interests? Marco: I’m really into live music … I go to a lot of music festivals … I think a live performancealways sounds more exciting than a recorded version … as long as the performers can sing and play well of course … Part 2-style task Describe a song you like to listen to. You should say   

what the piece of music is called how long you have liked it when you like to listen to it

and say why you like it so much. 38

Millie: Well … I’m a little older than most students and when I was young Abba the Swedish pop group were very famous … I don’t think it was cool to like them even though they had a huge following but I think now people have realised what wonderful songs they wrote … one piece of music in particular is called ‘Slipping through my fingers’ … it wasn’t a massive hit but I love it … it’s a song for parents and it’s all about how quickly our children grow up … it’s a slow number and like a lot of their songs it’s a very catchy tune … the two women in Abba had great voices and it’s the kind of music you can also sing along to easily … even if you don’t have a great voice … I listen to Abba when I feel like a singsong … and I especially like to listen when I’m doing the housework … it stops me thinking about the hard work … Part 3-style questions Examiner: Is the Internet a good or bad thing for the music industry? Thomas: On the one hand it’s good for marketing new musical talent or particular bands but it’s so easy to share and tracks for free I think it is costing the industry a lot of money …

Examiner: Should music be treated as seriously as subjects like maths or sciences at school? Carla: I think it should … I don’t think it should be taught in a boring way … I mean making children read music … but I do think they should be encouraged to play instruments and to play things by ear perhaps … to keep the lessons fun … Examiner: Where do people usually enjoy listening to music? Sally: In lots of ways or places … as background music when they are doing something else … at concerts when a band goes on tour … or in clubs or discos … Definitions             

adoring fans: people who love a particular band or singer background music: music that is played while something else is happening a catchy tune: a song that is easy to and makes you want to sing it classical music: music that is regarded as part of a long, formal tradition to tracks: to obtain music from the Internet to have a great voice: to sing well to go on tour: to go on a planned series of performances around a region or country a huge following: a large number of fans live music: music that is listened to while it is performed (not recorded) live performance: (see live music) a massive hit: a record that sells lots of copies a music festival: music performances at a venue often over several days musical talent: skilled at music 39

           

to be/sing out of tune: to not be in harmony/to sing the wrong notes a piece of music: an item of music to play by ear: to play without reading the musical notes a pop group: a small group of people who play or sing pop music together to read music: to understand and follow written musical notes a rock band: a group of musicians that play rock music to sing along to: to in singing a sing-song: to sing informally, often with other people a slow number: a song with a slow tempo to take up a musical instrument: to begin learning a musical instrument taste in music: the music someone likes to be tone deaf: to be unable to distinguish the different notes in music

Lesson 17: Weather In the IELTS Speaking exam you may be asked questions about the topic of ‘the weather’, perhaps the weather in your country or when you’ve travelled to other countries. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: What’s the weather like in your country? Katie: It’s quite changeable really … we have periods of time with clear blue skies then all of a sudden we’ll have torrential rain. Examiner: Which months have the best weather in your country? Ernst: Well … I suppose it’s a matter of personal taste really … I like it around the end of October and November … I’m not fond of the heatwaves we often get during the summer … it’s not freezing cold during these months and we still get lots of sunny spells. Examiner: Does it bother you much when it rains? Junko: It depends … if I get caught in the rain and I get drenched I don’t like it … but I’m a gardener so a drop of rain is good for my plants. Part 2-style task Describe a time when you experienced extreme weather conditions. You should say   

when this was where you were what the weather was like 40

and say how you felt about the experience. I was studying English in a language school a few years ago … we were in Cornwall in the UK … we’d been enjoying lovely sunny days … not a cloud in the sky … when all of a sudden there was a change in the weather … we were in town walking around the shops when it started to pour down … I’d never seen such heavy rain before … within about 10 minutes the roads were full of water … I think they call it a flash flood … it was like being in the middle of a tropical storm … the water was almost up to my knees … the weather forecast hadn’t predicted it so everyone was taken by surprise … I’m not sure you could call it ‘extreme’ weather as a few hours later it started to clear up … the sun came out and slowly the water level went down … but a lot of people’s houses were flooded so it would have been extreme for them … I found it all quite exciting … in my country we generally have a very mild climate and don’t often get floods like this so it was quite an experience for me. Part 3-style questions Examiner: Do you think the weather affects how people feel? Tierre: Absolutely … yes … I don’t mind the occasional cold spell but I think the winter months can make you feel down. I hate having to leave the house in the winter … there’s often a thick fogevery morning and we sometimes get bitterly cold winds … the winter certainly makes me feel a little depressed … though having said that … it’s always nice to see the town covered in a blanket of snow. Examiner: Do you think the weather is changing due to global warming? Ceri: I don’t know if it’s due to global warming or not but the weather in my country is certainly changing … we’ve been getting quite mild winters lately … the temperatures are sometimes below freezing but only occasionally … and then during the summer it can get boiling hot with a lot of older people even suffering from heatstroke. Examiner: In which ways are weather forecasts useful? Sinita: Well … if you’re planning a trip or going on holiday it’s important to know whether you’ll need to dress up warm or take an umbrella … farmers need to know what the long-range forecast is so they can plan their work … I suppose people who organise outside events need to know as well in case things get rained off. Definitions   

to be below freezing: below zero degrees Celsius bitterly cold: very cold and unpleasant a blanket of snow: a complete covering of snow 41



boiling hot: very hot (informal)



changeable: weather that often changes a change in the weather: when weather conditions change clear blue skies: a sky without clouds to clear up: when clouds or rain disappear to come out (the sun): when the sun appears out of a cloudy sky a cold spell: a short period of cold weather to dress up warm: to wear warm clothes to protect yourself against wintry conditions a drop of rain: a little bit of rain a flash flood: a sudden and severe flood freezing cold: very cold (informal) to get caught in the rain: to be outside when it rains unexpectedly to get drenched: to get very wet heatstroke: a serious condition caused by being too long in hot weather a heatwave: a period of very hot weather heavy rain: intense rainfall long-range forecast: the weather forecast for several days or weeks ahead mild climate: a climate without extreme weather conditions mild winter: a winter that isn’t particularly cold not a cloud in the sky: see ‘clear blue skies’ above to pour down: to rain heavily to be rained off: to be cancelled or postponed due to poor weather sunny spells: short periods of sunny weather thick fog: a dense fog that makes visibility very poor torrential rain: see ‘heavy rain’ above tropical storm: a storm typical of ones that you find in tropical climates weather forecast: a TV/radio programme or section in a newspaper/magazine which predicts weather conditions

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Lesson 18: Shopping It’s possible the examiner may ask you questions about your shopping habits in the IELTS Speaking exam. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: Do you often go shopping for personal items? Maxine: When I can afford it yes … my college is in the city centre and I do a lot of window shopping … but being a student I’m on a tight budget so I have to be careful with money …

42

Examiner: Are there many shops where you live? Jenny: We’ve got a few local shops nearby and a few independent stores but none of the big high street names … I have to go into town for them … Examiner: Do you enjoy shopping? Marco: It depends … I hate it when the sales are on … crowds of people all trying to snap up a bargain … I find it all a bit stressful … I also get annoyed when shop assistants try to give me the hard sell when all I want to do is look around … Part 2-style task Describe a time when you bought something for someone. You should say   

when this was what is was you bought who you bought it for

and say how you felt about buying it for them. Coleen: I’d like to tell you about the time … about four years ago … my husband and I bought a computer for our daughter … she was about to go to university and we’d promised her we would treat her to one … at the time there had been a big advertising campaign for the latest Apple Macbook and our daughter was very keen to have one … she kept telling us they were value for money … even though they seemed very expensive to us … anyway we tried to shop around to see if we could pick up a bargain … this was in the middle of the summer sales and wherever you went prices were being slashed on big brand names … but unfortunately not Apple products … we ended up having to pay the full price … I my daughter justifying the cost by pointing out how nice the Apple carrier bag was … but it was lovely to see her so excited and the customer service she’s received during the four years she’s had it has been excellent … so it was value for money after all … Part 3-style questions Examiner: Do you think we will stop using paper money in the future? Louisa: I think it’s almost certain … at the moment it’s still possible to pay in cash but I’m sure this will change … the problem is people are more likely to get into debt and run up a credit card billwhen this happens. Examiner: How do companies encourage the consumer to spend their money? Peter: Well … a recent development in my country is something called ‘Black Friday’ where people are encouraged to shop until they drop and buy the 43

latest must-have products … then there are things like loyalty cards to get the customer back in the store … Examiner: What do you think shops need to do to create a positive shopping experience? Tania: The main thing for me is not being pressurised to buy … I appreciate that shop assistants are probably on commission but if I’m looking for clothes for example I like to take my time … to try something on … and to ask for help if I need it … Definitions                           

advertising campaign: a series of ments to persuade people to buy something big brand names: large well-known companies or product names to be careful with money: to not over-spend carrier bag: bags (usually plastic) supplied by shops customer service: the degree to which customers are treated well to get into debt: to owe money to give someone the hard sell: to put pressure on someone to buy something high street names: well-known shops independent stores: small shops independent of large companies local shops: community shops loyalty card: a card issued by a shop to allow customers to save money on the basis of what they spend must-have product: a product that is very popular that a lot of people want to have to be on a tight budget: to have a limited amount of money to spend to be on commission: to pay someone in relation to the amount they sell a pay in cash: to pay for something using coins or paper money to pay the full price: to pay the full amount for something to pick up a bargain: to buy something much cheaper than the normal price to run up a credit card bill: to owe money on a credit card to shop around: to try different shops to find the best deal shop assistant: the person who serves customers to shop until you drop: to do a lot of shopping to slash prices: to reduce prices a great deal to snap up a bargain: to buy something quickly that is being sold cheaply summer sales: a period in the year when things are sold cheaply to try something on: to see if an item of clothing fits or is suitable to be value for money: to be worth the cost window shopping: to visit a store to look at items without the intention of buying anything

Lesson 19: Environment 44

You may be asked questions about the environment or environmental problems in your country. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: Are there any environmental problems in your country? Kelly: Yes … we have a serious issue with pollution levels in some of our big cities … exhaust fumes from cars and lorries are definitely one reason for the problem but we also have a lot of heavy industry in some areas and this also results in poor air quality … Examiner: Do you take an interest in nature? Jenny: Well … I’m a city person through and through and don’t get back to nature very often I’m afraid … but like everyone else I’m fascinated by the natural world and I like watching documentaries showing wild animals in their natural habitat … Examiner: Do you or your family take steps to help the environment? Mira: My parents have always tried to make us aware of our impact on the environment… they’re really into energy conservation … and always try to buy environmentally friendlyproducts if they have the chance … Part 2-style task Describe an environmental problem that has been in the news. You should say   

when this was where the event happened what actually took place

and say how you felt about this problem. Martin: Well … this is an interesting question … there are so many issues I could think of … natural disasters like earthquakes and floods seem to be in the news almost every year … but there was one story recently about some animals that were under threat … it wasn’t focused on one place in particular … it was looking at various animals that could actually become extinct in different African countries … if we don’t take steps to protect them … these were really iconic animals like gorillas … leopards … rhinos … and apparently they’re now listed as endangered species … what made it really depressing was they were in danger thanks to us … in some cases it was due to a loss of habitat either because people need more agricultural production … or even worse I think 45

… because of hunting and poaching … I hate to think of future generations being robbed of the chance to see creatures like these in their natural environment … it’s lucky we have lots of organisations that focus on wildlife conservation … hopefully with their help we can put pressure on those in power to do something to stop creatures like these dying out … Part 3-style questions Examiner: What do you think is the main danger the world faces in of the environment? Spencer: Well … climate change is a real issue … in my country we have flash floods and heatwaves on a yearly basis … so yes … I think global warming is the biggest issue. Examiner: What examples are there of how we damage the natural world? Stella: There are so many examples … there are factories that empty toxic waste into rivers and oceans … oil spills that damage the coastline … the way we destroy vast areas of land and rain forests in search of fossil fuels or to increase agricultural production … Examiner: In which ways do we respond well to environmental problems? Mathius: Well … on the one hand there are various worldwide agencies that are always the first on the scene with humanitarian aid after natural and man-made disasters … and on the other hand we have environmental pressure groups that are constantly raising awareness of issues and trying to stop disasters happening … Definitions             

air quality: the cleanliness of the air we breathe to become extinct: to no longer exist to be under threat: to be in danger of becoming extinct climate change: the change in worldwide weather patterns to die out: see ‘to become extinct’ endangered species: categories of animals or plants that are in danger of becoming extinct energy conservation: the careful management of energy resources to ensure they last as long as possible environmentally friendly: behaviour and products that do not harm the environment exhaust fumes: the toxic gases given off by vehicles powered by petrol flash floods: floods that happen quickly fossil fuels: energy resources like gas and oil that are produced deep below the ground over millions of years future generations: the people who live after us to get back to nature: to live a life that is closer to nature 46

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global warming: the increasing temperature of the world brought about by gases such as carbon dioxide heavy industry: the manufacture of heavy articles and materials in large numbers humanitarian aid: the act of showing to people struggling to survive impact on: the effect on loss of habitat: the decline in areas of land where animals and plants would normally exist man-made disaster: widespread damage or loss of life brought about by the action of humans natural disaster: an event such as an earthquake, flood or hurricane which causes widespread damage or loss of life natural environment: the place where animals and plants would normally be found in nature the natural world: the world of nature oil spill: waste usually deposited in the seas and oceans after an accident at sea poaching: to hunt and kill wild animals illegally pollution levels: the amount of toxic waste pressure group: a group of people who try to raise awareness of issues and try to affect the views and actions of people and organisations toxic waste: poisonous, unwanted rubbish often produced by industrial processes wildlife conservation: to protect animals and plants and their habitats

Lesson 20: Advertising You may be asked questions about advertising in your country. Read the following IELTS-style questions and answers below and pay attention to the phrases in bold. Use the ‘Definitions’ section at the bottom of the page to check the meaning of any phrases you don’t understand. Part 1-style questions Examiner: Are there any TV channels in your country that don’t have adverts? Loraine: No … they’re all commercial channels and show adverts all day long … too many really … and there’s also a lot of product placement going on … especially in soap operas where they place an item just behind the actors. Examiner: Do you enjoy watching adverts on TV? Karin: No … not really … I hate commercial breaks during a film … it really spoils the flow … and during prime time viewing they seem to squeeze even more ads in than usual … celebrity endorsements also get on my nerves … everyone knows they’re only doing it because they’re getting paid. Examiner: What are the best ways for ordinary people to something they want to sell in your country? 47

Marianne: The simplest way is to place an advert in something like the classified ads section of a local paper … or there’s the Internet of course … there are lots of sites like eBay where you can buy and sell things online. Part 2-style task Describe an advert you once saw that was very effective. You should say   

where this advert appeared when you saw it what it was advertising

and say why you thought it was so effective. Max: OK … well this was about 4 years ago … I was looking for some software to create videos … one day I got an email from a mailing list I’d signed up to … there was a link in it to a press release … a company had written something about a new product that was similar to what I was looking for … at the end of the press release there was a link to the sales page … I hadn’t heard of the company but I was interested and clicked the link to the ad …. what caught my attention immediately were the number of testimonials from people who had bought the software … I think testimonials are like the online equivalent of word of mouth advertising and are really persuasive … anyway … when I got to the bottom of the page there was a great big call to action button inviting me to buy … I was totally persuaded and ended up making a purchase … what made it so effective I think was the power of those testimonials … they’d been written by people very much like me … they’d had a need and the software had obviously turned out to be just what they were looking for … when you think that this was a newish company they wouldn’t have had any brand awareness at all … they probably wouldn’t have had much of a budget for advertising … obviously you wouldn’t a product like this through the mass media on TV … they probably didn’t even have an advertising agency to them …and yet they’d managed to create a great deal of brand loyalty from previous customers … I think that was really effective. Part 3-style questions Examiner: What is it that makes an advert effective? Spencer: Well … when a company launches a product they have to consider the Internet … especially how it can be used to spread the word on social media … so in this context a video that goes viral is probably the most effective type of advert you could make. Examiner: What are the advantages to companies of advertising on the Internet rather than TV? 48

Stelios: I’d imagine the main advantage is you can reach your target audience much more effectively … if you bring out a niche product for example … or you have a tight advertising budget … you can on particular sites that the people you want to reach visit … that’s not something you can do on TV. Examiner: What things do advertising companies do that might give it a bad name? Raol: For me the most irritating is cold calling … we must get two or three of these every day at work … then there’s junk mail that gets posted through the letterbox … and of course the online equivalent of this … spam emails … I think it’s this kind of advertising that tends to annoy people. Definitions                         

advertising agency: a company that creates adverts for other companies advertising budget: the amount of money a company decides to spend on advertising brand awareness: how well people know a particular brand brand loyalty: the degree to which people continue to buy from the same brand or company buy and sell: often used to refer to the buying and selling of items between individuals call to action: something that encourages someone to take a particular action, such as making a purchase or clicking a link on a website celebrity endorsement: to have a well-known person promote a product classified ads: small ments often put in a newspaper or magazine by individuals to cold call: to call someone with the aim of selling something without them asking you to do so commercial break: the short period during TV programmes when ments are shown commercial channel: TV channels that make money from showing ments to go viral: to quickly become extremely popular on the Internet through social media junk mail: unwanted promotional leaflets and letters to launch a product: to introduce a new product mailing list: a list of names and details used by a company to send information and ments mass media: large media outlets like TV, newspapers and magazines niche product: a product that is aimed at a distinct group of people to place an advert: to put an advert somewhere press release: something written by a company for newspapers and magazines and websites to share and publish prime time: the time during the viewing schedule when most people watch TV or listen to a broadcast product placement: to a product by using it as a prop in a TV show or film sales page: a page specifically used to promote a product or service to show adverts: to display adverts on TV social media: websites that enable s to create and share content or to participate in social networking. spam email: unwanted, promotional email 49

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target audience: the people a company want to sell their product or service to word of mouth: recommendations made by individuals to other individuals about a product of service

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